INTRODUCTION Booster seat use in the United States is extremely low among 4- to 8-year-old children, the group targeted for their use. However, more recent attention has been paid to the role of booster seats for children who have outgrown their forward-facing child safety seat. In particular, several states are currently considering upgrades to their child restraint laws to include the use of ...

In three studies, EEGs from three groups of participants were recorded during progressively more real world situations after drinking alcoholic beverages that brought breath alcohol contents near the limit for driving in California 30 minutes after drinking. A simple equation that measured neurophysiological effects of alcohol in the first group of 15 participants performing repetitive cognitiv...

Identifying product architectures is recognized as a critical activity during the preliminary design phase since the selected architecture has a great impact on the product quality, on the organization of the following phases of the design project and on the global performance of this project. System architects need methods to pre-determine cohesive modules and integrative elements. In this pap...

CONTEXT In their first year of postgraduate training, interns commonly work shifts that are longer than 24 hours. Extended-duration work shifts are associated with increased risks of automobile crash, particularly during a commute from work. Interns may be at risk for other occupation-related injuries. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between extended work duration and rates of percutaneo...

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) was used for the evaluation of mechanical properties of automobile tires. The tire on wheel disc was fixed on the holder and its vibration was generated by loudspeaker. Vibrational field of the whole tire was visualized by ESPI and recorded into PC. Natural frequencies of various vibrational modes were measured and results were compared with thos...

BACKGROUND Encouragement of stroke patients to resume driving is important to promote their reintegration into the community. Limited rehabilitation has been performed in this regard, owing to lack of specific knowledge on the part of medical staff. To establish an effective support program for stroke patients who wish to resume driving, we propose comprehensive training by medical staff using ...

In this paper, we formulate and estimate a nested model structure that includes a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) component to analyze the choice of vehicle type/vintage and usage in the upper level and a multinomial logit (MNL) component to analyze the choice of vehicle make/model in the lower nest. Data for the analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel S...

BACKGROUND Traffic-related trauma is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in Canada, especially among children and young adults. Comparing exposure-based injury rates between travel modes and jurisdictions is a valuable tool towards improving safety. METHODS We used injury data from the British Columbia Motor Vehicle Branch, trip diary data from the Metro Vancouver transportati...

Many automobile drivers are aware of the driving behaviours and habits that can lead to inefficient and unsafe driving. However, it is often the case that these same drivers unknowingly exhibit these inefficient and unsafe driving behaviours in their everyday driving activity. This paper proposes a practical and economical way to capture, measure, and alert drives of inefficient and unsafe driv...