If an antitrust authority chooses policies to maximize the number of successfully prosecuted cartels, when do those policies also serve to minimize the number of cartels that form? When the detection and prosecution of cartels is inherently difficult, we find that an antitrust authority’s policies minimize the number of cartels, as is socially desirable. But when the detection and prosecution o...

The recent proliferation of data about art prices has been interpreted as the democratization a formerly secretive economic sphere. Contesting this idea, I argue that such is collected, controlled, and disseminated by international dealers auction houses for purpose reinforcing myth single, integrated market art. Through analysis presentation strategies in Gagosian Gallery’s online viewing room...

The link structure of the web is analyzed to measure the authority of pages, which can be taken into account for ranking query results. Due to the enormous dynamics of the web, with millions of pages created, updated, deleted, and linked to every day, timeliness of web pages and links is a crucial factor for their evaluation. Users are interested in important pages (i.e., pages with high author...

Authority is best defined as a relation that exists between individuals. A relation of authority exists when one individual, prompted by his or her circumstances, does as indicated by another individual what he or she would not do in the absence of such indication. This I will refer to as the authority relation. The legitimacy of an authority relation is what keeps the relationship from breakin...

The proposal that psychologists should pursue prescriptive authority was first put forth 25 years ago, and it has been an official goal of the American Psychological Association for 15 years. Since then some form of prescriptive authority has been approved by three states, the Territory of Guam, and three branches of the military. Psychologists are also eligible to prescribe in the Public Healt...

The complexity of interactive systems results from partial knowledge that someone has on it. Such systems are specified by local properties and their global behavior is generally emerging. Managing the complexity is a permanent objective of the software engineering. Object oriented design has given place to several approaches aiming at controlling complexity: aspect programming which separates ...

Author Contributions: Nan Xiao: Conception and design, aquisition of data, manuscript writing Hongbin Cao: Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Che-Hong Chen: Conception and design Christina S. Kong: Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Rehan Ali:Aquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data Cato Chan: Administrative and material support Davud Sir...

physical self-concept or perception of physical self is one of the main factors and properties of perception of one’s identity, especially of the youth which has recently been the center of attention of experts in different branches of humanities and social sciences. in fact, perception of body can be considered one of the most important factors that inevitably influence many of our social rela...

the most common congenital diseases in children is congenital heart disease. factors such as environment, genetic, old maternal age during pregnancy, maternal disease and using medicine in pregnancy, prematuritiy, and specific seasons are significant in the prevalence of disease.materials and methods: a cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the status of children with congenital he...