A major financial expense for any military is the acquisition, operation, and maintenance of assets (e.g., vehicles, ships and aircraft), as well as training systems for those assets (e.g., combination of vehicles, vehicle simulators and other training systems). Even slight improvements in force structure efficiency can save governments large amounts of money or, using the same budget, can buy ...

Abstract Governments grant amnesties to rebel groups during civil wars and this is a puzzle. Why would the government offer an amnesty, which can be interpreted as signal of weakness? In certain circumstances, offering amnesty rational policy choice. should give when they are winning: risk misinterpreted signals lessened, costs low, weakened, so used instrumentally encourage defection or divisi...

This article develops and tests a reformation of Baumrind's typology of authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative parenting styles in the context of adolescent school performance. Using a large and diverse sample of San Francisco Bay Area high school students (N = 7,836), we found that both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were negatively associated with grades, and authoritativ...

This paper shows that more than 80% of the E-Governments in the world are vulnerable to common Web-application attacks such as Cross Site Scripting and SQL injection. Industrialized countries were found to be more vulnerable than under-developed countries (90% vs. 50%). The paper also describes some malicious data mining possibilities on the Norwegian E-Government, and how information can be co...

The Governments Division of the U.S. Census Bureau publishes estimates of many aggregates. To achieve more accurate results with lower cost one goal of sampling is to minimize the number of smaller and non-contributory units in the overall design. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted to determine how to reduce smaller units. In this paper, we propose a numerical procedure based on ...

We provide a simple framework for comparing market allocations with government-regulated allocations. Governments can collect information about individuals’types and enforce transfers across individuals. Markets (without signi…cant government intervention) have to rely on transactions that are ex post bene…cial for individuals. Consequently, governments achieve better risk sharing and consumpti...

The role of township-owned enterprises in the rapid growth of the Chinese economy during reform is widely acknowledged. Beginning in the mid-1990s, however, these firms began to be privatized. Perhaps the most striking feature of this process is that it has not occurred uniformly across townships. This raises the simple question: When and why do government leaders privatize? Drawing on a unique...

In Japan, as in the United States, the change from home to health care institution as the location of birth has been marked by depicting the obstetrician as having authoritative knowledge about birthing. The obstetrician's access to and control over specialized obstetrical technology reflect and legitimate his authoritative status. In Japan a prevailing cultural view of birth as a natural and h...

This study examined authoritative and authoritarian parenting and specific parenting practices among Chinese mothers with preschoolers. The final sample consisted of 463 mothers with their 3 to 7 year-olds from 11 preschools, in Taiwan. Mothers completed a Chinese translation of the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire that assessed their parenting practices. Findings indicated that the subscales o...