According to Helmholtz's Square illusion, a square appears wider when it is filled with vertical lines and higher when filled with horizontal lines (Helmholtz von, 1866). Recently, Pinna (2010a) demonstrated that the grouping of small squares on the basis of the similarity principle influences also perception of their shape and of the whole emerging shapes. The direction imparted by grouping is...

Reconstruction of the human auricle remains a challenge to plastic surgeons, and current approaches are not ideal. Tissue engineering provides a promising alternative. This study aims to evaluate the chondrogenic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on a novel, auricular-shaped polymer. The proposed polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified poly(hexanolactone/carbonate)ur...

The maize ligule is an adaxial membranous structure on the leaf that develops at the boundary of the sheath and blade. The ligule and the associated auricle are dispensable structures, amenable to genetic manipulation. We present here a genetic analysis of ligulelessl ( lg l ) and liguleless2 (lg2), the two genes known to be uniquely necessary for ligule and auricle development. We show that bo...

BACKGROUND True ossification of the auricle with cartilage replacement by bone, is a very rare clinical entity and can result in an entirely rigid auricle. CASE PRESENTATION We present a rare case of bilateral ossification of the auricles in a 75-years old man with profound progressive rigidity of both auricles. His main complaint was a mild discomfort during resting making sleeping unpleasan...

The purpose of this study is to introduce the procedure and results of a combined free flap reconstruction with an external ear prosthesis after tumor extirpation from the lateral side of the head. Over the last 3 years, four patients have undergone total auricle extirpation for varying tumor processes. Each was reconstructed with a radial forearm flap, preserving the external auditory meatus. ...