An Augmented Reality (AR) system supplements the real world with virtual (computer-generated) objects that appear to coexist in the same space as the real world. [2]. The main interactive characteristic that emerges from these systems is the user focus shared between real and virtual worlds. This limitation results in two different interfaces possibly inconsistent – one to deal with the physica...

THE ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL AT HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 8 The Emergence of Augmented Reality in Orthopaedic Surgery and Education Dustin K. Baker, BS1,2 Charles T. Fryberger, BS1 Brent A. Ponce, MD1

A first architecture for an augmented reality system in computer-assisted surgery is presented in this paper. Like in ”X-ray vision” systems, a stereoscopic overlay is visually superimposed on the patient. The main purpose of our approach is user-friendliness for the surgeon: no additive wearing equipment is required. Registration, rigid bodies location and 3D volume computation are proved to r...

BACKGROUND Chronic use of intraocular pressure-lowering medications is associated with ocular surface disease (OSD). In this study, we assess the incidence of topical lubricant use as a surrogate marker for underlying OSD, in medically and surgically treated glaucoma patients. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed for newly diagnosed glaucoma patients who were started on topical me...

OBJECTIVES Modern implants for proximal femur fracture treatment have clearly improved clinical results. However, complications, including cut-out and loss of reduction, requiring revision surgery still occur. A major challenge in these cases is a loss of bone stock due to the existing implant, which is usually exacerbated by osteoporosis. A potential solution is the augmentation of implants, f...

Until today, neuro surgery is still very dependant on the individual skill of the surgeon. During surgery, he or she takes a look at the CT or MR slices, determines the location of, e.g., the tumor,then sees if he can find it in real life, and starts cutting. Of course, this method is neither precise nor secure. Yet it is today’s standard procedure. But, as information technology gets better an...

In neurovascular surgery, and in particular surgery for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the surgeon maps pre-operative images to the patient on the operating table to aid in vessel localization and resection. This type of spatial mapping is not trivial, is time consuming, and may be prone to error. Using augmented reality (AR) we can register the microscope/camera image of the patient to pr...

A general-purpose augmented reality apparatus was developed. The system uses rapidly scanned lasers to display information directly onto the patient using the patient as a ‘‘projection screen’’. The device is also capable of measuring the location of projected laser spots with a 3D camera to ensure that the display is accurate, to apply corrections to the projection path and to assist in regist...

Utilizing augmented reality for applications in medicine has been a topic of intense research for several years. A number of challenging tasks need to be addressed when designing a medical AR system. These include the import and management of medical datasets and preoperatively created planning data, the registration of the patient with respect to a global coordinate system, and accurate tracki...

Based on an analysis of 49 popular contemporary video games, we develop a descriptive framework of visual interaction cues in video games. These cues are used to inform players what can be interacted with, where to look, and where to go within the game world. These cues vary along three dimensions: the purpose of the cue, the visual design of the cue, and the circumstances under which the cue i...