This study investigated anchor type (textual, auditory, or a combination) and effect on rater reliability. Forty judges were selected to rate voice samples of various voice quality types in terms of vocal severity using four different methods (No Anchor, Textual Anchor, Auditory Anchor, and Combined Textual/Auditory Anchors). Results indicated that auditory anchors produced significantly improv...

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show signs of cognitive impairment, such as executive dysfunction, working memory problems and attentional disturbances, even in the early stages of the disease. Though motor symptoms of the disease are often successfully addressed by dopaminergic medication, it still remains unclear, how dopaminergic therapy affects cognitive function. The main objective of th...

Corticofugal modulation on both ON and OFF responses in various nuclei in the medial geniculate body (MGB) was examined by locally activating the auditory cortex and looking for effects on the neuronal responses to acoustic stimuli. In contrast with a major corticofugal facilitatory effect on the ON neurons in the lemniscal nucleus of the MGB of the guinea pigs, of 132 ON neurons tested in thre...

Neural oscillations in the gamma range are the dominant rhythmic activation pattern in the human auditory cortex. These gamma oscillations are functionally relevant for the processing of rapidly changing acoustic information in both speech and non-speech sounds. Accordingly, there is a tight link between the temporal resolution ability of the auditory system and inherent neural gamma oscillatio...

Incongruent auditory and visual stimuli can elicit audiovisual illusions such as the McGurk effect where visual /ka/ and auditory /pa/ fuse into another percept such as/ta/. In the present study, human brain activity was measured with adaptation functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate which brain areas support such audiovisual illusions. Subjects viewed trains of four movies beginn...

Since 1962, physiological data of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons have been controversial: inhibitory, excitatory, or both. An inhibitory effect has been much more frequently observed than an excitatory effect. Recent studies performed with an improved experimental design indicate that corticofugal system mediates a highly focused positive feedback to physiologically "match...

We studied the representations underlying audiovisual integration using a priming paradigm. Audiovisual primes, preceding auditory targets, were either incongruent (auditory /ba/ & visual /va/) or congruent (auditory /va/ & visual /va/, auditory /ba/ & visual /ba/). The targets were /ba/ or /va/. The intensity of the prime ́s auditory component was either 50 dB or 60 dB. Identification speed of ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of binary vibrotactile stimulation to continuous auditory feedback (vowel synthesis) for human-machine interface (HMI) control. Sixteen healthy participants controlled facial surface electromyography to achieve 2-D targets (vowels). Eight participants used only real-time auditory feedback to locate targets whereas the other e...

In the McGurk effect, incongruent visual information alters the auditory speech percept. We studied the strength of this effect as a function of auditory signal-to-noise ratio (SNR: -12, -6, 0, +6 dB, and noise-free) in Finnish adults, American adults and American children (8–12 years). The McGurk stimuli were A/p/V/k/ (auditory /apa/ presented with visual /aka/), A/p/V/t/, A/k/V/p/ and A/t/V/p...

Visual speech information influences the accuracy and content of auditory speech perception, with both the static and dynamic components of the visual signal playing a role. However, less is known about the effect of visual information when it is presented as a source of speech production feedback. This paper presents results from a delayed auditory feedback paradigm which contrasted the presen...