The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most prominent and recurrent patterns of atmospheric circulation variability. It dictates climate variability from the eastern seaboard of the United States to Siberia and from the Arctic to the subtropical Atlantic, especially during boreal winter, so variations in the NAO are important to society and for the environment. Understanding the pro...

The long-period (greater than about 10 yr) variations in the length-of-day (LOD) observed since 1820 show a marked similarity with variations observed in various climatic indices; periods of acceleration of the Earth corresponding to years of increasing intensity of the zonal circulation and to global-surface warming: periods of deceleration corresponding to years of decreasing zonal-circulatio...

The Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York receive relatively high rates of atmospheric N deposition, and NO3 concentrations in some streams have increased dramatically since the late 1960s. We measured the chemistry of 39 firstand second-order streams with forested watersheds to determine the variability of nitrogen concentrations within the Catskill Mountain area. We found that some stre...

The topic addressed by this volume – interactions among human health, global change, and socio-economic factors – is immensely broad and complex. In this paper, we focus on one of many related issues – the link between population size (one of many possible indices of human wellbeing), atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and climate during the preindustrial portion of the historical interval. Spec...

Experimental densities, viscosities, refractive indices, and sound speeds at temperature 298.15 K atmospheric pressure are reported for the binary liquid mixtures of ethanol + benzene, pyridine, benzene pyridine. From these experimental data, various thermodynamic excess deviation properties were calculated fitted by Redlich-Kister polynomial to determine adjustable coefficients standard deviat...

The simulated North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection patterns and their interannual variability are evaluated from a suite of atmospheric models participating in the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-2). In general the models simulate the observed spatial pattern well, although there are important differences among models. The NAO response to interannu...

Links between extreme wet conditions over East Africa and Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) are investigated during the core of the so-called short rain season in October–November. During periods of enhanced East African rainfall, Indian Ocean SST anomalies reminiscent of a tropical Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) event are observed. Ensemble simulations with an atmospheric general circulat...

The aerosol models in MODTRAN are discussed. The focus in this report is on the boundary layer aerosol. The second part of the report outlines the major results of aircraft measurements of atmospheric aerosol obtained around Jabiru, N.T., in June and September 2003. These measurements are used to obtain theoretical multimode size distribution functions. The chemistry composition measurements ar...

This work aims to compare the performance of new methods to estimate the Soil Moisture Content (SMC) of bare soils from their spectral signatures in the reflective domain (0.4-2.5 µm) in comparison with widely used spectral indices like Normalized Soil Moisture Index (NSMI) and Water Index SOIL (WISOIL). Indeed, these reference spectral indices use wavelengths located in the water vapour absorp...

El Nino southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) have enormous effects on the precipitations around the world. Australian rainfall is also affected by these key modes of complex climate variables. Many studies have tried to establish the relationships of these large-scale climate indices among the rainfalls of different parts of Australia, particularly Western Australia, New So...