This paper presents a new theory of radiation and propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves: EM waves caused by the same cause will never cross each other. It discloses a fundamental mistake in the established assumptions and method of analysis of radiation and propagation problems of electromagnetic waves and application of superposition principle. It implies invalidation of the established so...

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN) consist of wireless devices that operate below the ground surface. These devices are buried completely under dense soil, thus electromagnetic wave transmits only through soil medium. However, the high attenuation that caused by soil is the main challenge for the electromagnetic wave transmission for WUSN. In this study, architecture of wireless underg...

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in forest environments is examined in which both the transmitting and receiving points are located in the trunk layer of a four-layered anisotropic forest model. This propagation model considers the forest as a horizontally stratified, anisotropic media of canopy and trunk, bounded by ground below and air above. The electromagnetic fields are obtained using ...

It is pointed out that the classical propagation model can be in accord with the Sagnac effect due to earth’s rotational and orbital motions in the high-precision GPS (global positioning system) and interplanetary radar, if the reference frame of the classical propagation medium is endowed with a switchability according to the location of the wave. Accordingly, it is postulated that, as in the ...

Propagation of the extremely short electromagnetic pulse in non-linear dielectric media without the slowly varying envelope approximation is discussed. The models under consideration take into account both resonant and not-resonant excitations of non-linear medium, and polarisation states of electromagnetic wave. Steady state solutions of the relevant equations are presented for certain of thes...

In the domain of electromagnetic wave propagation in the presence of rough surfaces, the Rayleigh roughness criterion is a widelyused means to estimate the degree of roughness of considered surface. In this paper, this Rayleigh roughness criterion is extended to the case of rough layers. Thus, it provides an interesting qualitative tool for estimating the degree of electromagnetic roughness of ...

We analyze the propagation of an electromagnetic plane wave through a chiral medium moving with a constant velocity and endowed with the Post constitutive relations. The covariance under the Lorentz group of Maxwell’s equations and of Post’s relations is used to transform the electromagnetic fields in the moving frame into fields in the frame of a fixed observer. The physical consequences of th...

Fluctuations of the refractive index associated with atmospheric turbulence affect the propagation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves in the atmosphere. In the reported study, the effects of turbulence on wave propagation in the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) are considered in terms of the second-order refractive index structure function and related to its structure-function par...

The evaporation duct (ED) is generated by the of seawater and can be an influential factor electromagnetic (EM)-wave propagation. Rainfall also affects atmospheric factors EM-wave However, distribution ED path loss (PL) during rainfall has rarely been reported. This paper analyzes in South China Sea (SCS). results show that height (EDH) area generally lower. effect on over-the-horizon (OTH) pro...