[1] This paper examines the sensitivity of atmospheric pCO2 to changes in ocean biology that result in drawdown of nutrients at the ocean surface. We show that the global inventory of preformed nutrients is the key determinant of atmospheric pCO2 and the oceanic carbon storage due to the soft-tissue pump (OCSsoft). We develop a new theory showing that under conditions of perfect equilibrium bet...

River runoff supplies the Arctic Ocean with a large amount of freshwater and land-derived material, so it is important for both physical biogeochemical marine environment. In this study, we used wind perturbation simulations to elucidate response circulation pathways exports river different atmospheric regimes. Specifically, perturbations representing negative positive phases Oscillation Beaufo...

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It is well recognized that the time series of hydrologic variables, such as rainfall and streamflow are significantly influenced by various large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. The influence of El Niño-southern oscillation (ENSO) on hydrologic variables, through hydroclimatic teleconnection, is recognized throughout the world. Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) has been proved to be...

At least four different modeling studies indicate that variability in snow cover over Asia may modulate atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific Ocean during winter. Here, satellite data on snow extent for east Asia for 1971–95 along with atmospheric fields from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis are used to examine whethe...

Abstract Using a 3D general circulation model, we demonstrate that confirmed rocky exoplanet and primary observational target, TRAPPIST-1e presents an interesting case of climate bistability. We find the atmospheric on can exist in two distinct regimes for 1 bar nitrogen-dominated atmosphere. One is characterized by single strong equatorial prograde jet large day–night temperature difference; o...