introduction: respiratory pathogen, chlamydia pneumoniae, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. previous studies have demonstrated an antichlamydial seroresponse to be a cardiovascular risk factor and coronary atheromata to contain chlamyial components in varing proportions. endovascular demonstration of bacterial dna is required to provide evidence for an infectio...

BACKGROUND Cross-sectional clustering of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in middle-aged adults is well described, but less is known regarding the order in which risk factors develop through young adulthood and their relation to subclinical atherosclerosis. METHOD AND RESULTS A total of 3178 black and white women and men in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults...

For obvious ethical reasons, risk factors cannot be assessed in randomized controlled trials. Epidemiologists therefore usually identify risk factors using observational data. It is, however, difficult to establish causal relationships between risk factors and common complex diseases because observational studies are prone to spurious results due to confounding factors, reverse causation, and/o...

trans-fatty acids (tfa) are known as a risk factor for coronary artery diseases. trans-11 vaccenic acid [va; 18:1(n-9)], known as the major trans fatty acid in milk fat, is a positional and geometric isomer of oleic acid and a precursor of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) in human . this study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of cis and trans vaccenic acids on expression of intr...

T he reasons why diabetic patients with microalbuminuria have marked endothelial damage (1,2) and an increased risk of atherosclerosis (3,4) are unclear. Infection with Helicobacter pylori, especially with strains carrying the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), might represent a causal factor, since anti-CagA antibodies elicited by infection may cross-react with endothelial antigens (5), incre...

BACKGROUND Recent reports have suggested an association of atherosclerosis with risk of venous thrombosis. OBJECTIVE To confirm whether subclinical atherosclerosis is a risk factor for venous thrombosis (VT) among men and women age 65 and older. METHODS Participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study (n = 4,108) without baseline clinical cardiovascular disease, anticoagulant use or previous...

unreliability of financial statements in iran has urged this country’s financial services industry management to manipulate practices by which they could gain reliable risk scores for borrowers. this research extracts the most influential qualitative factors that would impact the default of a business relationship borrower. solicitation of the factors is done through delphi methodology. the mea...

inflammation plays a major role in coronary artery disease (cad). currently, it is unclear, whether cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is associated with the risk of the atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti- cmv antibodies in cad and non cad patients undergoing artery bypass surgery. sera from 157 patients who underwent coronary angiography were tested for...

High lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels form a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The risk of elevated Lp(a) concentrations is significantly increased in patients who also have high levels of LDL cholesterol. Although the relation between Lp(a) and atherosclerosis has been reported in numerous studies, little is known about whether Lp(a) would exacerbate the complicated lesion...

Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for atherothrombotic disease, largely attributed to its impact on atherosclerotic lesional cells such as macrophages. Platelets are involved in immunity and inflammation and impact atherogenesis, primarily by modulating immune and inflammatory effector cells. There is evidence that hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis and thrombosis by...