The Divine Puppets In a memorable passage in book I of Plato’s Laws, the Athenian expounds upon the psychological sources of human action: ATHENIAN: Do we assume that each of us is one person? KLEINIAS: Yes. ATH: But we have inside ourselves two opposite and mindless advisors, which we call pleasure and pain. KL: That’s the case. ATH: In addition to these, we have opinions about the future, who...

a 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece b Microbiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece c Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece d Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece e Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University o...

V. Amiridis, D. Melas, D. S. Balis, A. Papayannis, D. Founda, E. Katragkou, E. Giannakaki, R. E. Mamouri, E. Gerasopoulos, and C. Zerefos Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, 15236, Greece Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece National Technical University of Athens, Athens, 15...

The bacterial flagellum consists of a long external filament connected to a membrane-embedded basal body at the cell surface by a short curved structure called the hook. In Salmonella enterica, the hook extends 55 nm from the cell surface. FliK, a secreted molecular ruler, controls hook length. Upon hook completion, FliK induces a secretion-specificity switch to filament-type substrate secretio...

When multiple bars are briefly flashed near the saccadic goal on a visual reference just before a saccade, the total width of the multiple bars appears to be compressed toward the saccadic goal. We show that presaccadic compression of visual space is related to the attribution of the displacement of a visual stimulus to the displacement of another stimulus appearing after the saccade. Subjects ...

This study examined the effects of an evidence-based social and emotional learning (SEL) program, The RULER Approach to Social and Emotional Learning (RULER), on teacher self reports of engagement, teacher-student interactions, and burnout. Participants were 47 teachers from 19 public schools in Spain who either volunteered for training on RULER (n = 24) or eLearning (n = 23). Multivariate Anal...

a r t i c l e i n f o A pre-and post-test quasi-experimental design was used to test the impact of a 30-week, theoretically-based social and emotional learning (SEL) curriculum, The RULER Feeling Words Curriculum (" RULER "), on the academic performance and social and emotional competence of 5th and 6th grade students (N = 273) in fifteen classrooms in three schools. Academic performance was as...

The needle length of the Yersinia spp. injectisome is determined by Yop secretion protein P (YscP), an early substrate of the injectisome itself. There is a linear correlation between the length of YscP and the length of the needle, suggesting that YscP acts as a molecular ruler. However, it is not known whether one single molecule of YscP suffices to control the length of one needle or whether...

A Golomb ruler with M marks can be defined as a set {ai} of integers so that all differences δij = aj − ai, i 6= j, are distinct. An order 2 Golomb ruler is a Golomb ruler such that all differences δijk` = |δk` − δij |, {i, j} 6 = {k, `}, are distinct as much as possible. Contruction of optimum order 2 Golomb ruler, i.e., of rulers of minimum length, is a highly combinatorial problem which has ...