This paper is the first to investigate both the technical and cost efficiency of more than 1500 German general hospitals. More specifically, it deals with the question how hospital efficiency varies with ownership, patient structure, and other exogenous factors, which are neither inputs to nor outputs of the production process. The empirical results for the years from 2001 to 2003 indicate that...

High performance Grid computing provides an infrastructure for access and processing of large volume, terabyte or even petabytes, of distributed data. Research in data grid has focused on security issues, resource ownership, infrastructure development and replication issues assuming presence of single transaction in the system. In this paper we highlight that grid infrastructure comes with new ...

This paper focuses on an analysis of the relation between systematic risk and growth opportunities from the real options perspective. Assuming the risk of current and future businesses to be independent from ownership (i.e. from whichever firm invests in them), we deduce that the systematic risk of a firm’s equity depends on the weight of growth options on its market value. We test this hypothe...

Ownership types systems organise the heap into a hierarchy which can be used to support encapsulation properties, effects, and invariants. Ownership types have many applications including parallelisation, concurrency, memory management, and security. In this paper, we show that several flavours and extensions of ownership types can be entirely encoded using the standard Java type system. Owners...

Abstract To avoid the transformation of dependent variable, which introduces bias when back-transformed, complex nonlinear forest models have parameters estimated with heuristic techniques, can supply erroneous values. The solution for accurate provided by Strimbu et al. (Ecosphere 8:e01945, 2017) 11 functions (i.e., power, trigonometric, and hyperbolic) is not based on heuristics but could con...

Although set-up costs are prevalent and substantial in natural resource extraction, their analysis in decentralized markets is difficult. In particular, it is known that a Walrasian competitive equilibrium cannot exist in simple extraction models with set-up costs thus rendering standard competitive equilibrium analysis inapplicable. However, this paper demonstrates that this result is sensitiv...

Cold storage devices such as tape and optical discs are a good solution for reducing the total cost of ownership for storing data. However, there is a drawback in that media and drives are separated, and placing media into drives when accessing data needs a few minutes of time. Though placing correlated data together in the same medium reduces media exchange, multidimensional searches disrupt i...

Ownership types promise to provide a practical mechanism for enforcing stronger encapsulation by controlling aliasing in objectoriented languages. However, previous ownership type proposals have tied the aliasing policy of a system to the mechanism of ownership. As a result, these proposals are too weak to express many important aliasing constraints, yet also so restrictive that they prohibit m...