objectives: the main purpose of this research was to study and contribute to an accurate test of spastic limb. the intra, inter rater reliability of the test was examined. methods: the present study was carried out in two parts in the first part of the study, the modified ashworth scale with intermediate scores (asis) was studied. during the second part of the study the intra, inter rater relia...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A significant number of stroke survivors will not recover the use of their affected arm. A proportion will experience pain, stiffness and difficulty with basic care activities. The purpose of the review was to identify predictors of difficulty caring for the profoundly affected arm and establish the incidence and time-course of the related impairments of pain, spasticity ...

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A is widely used for treating spasticity. Neuronox (Neu-BoNT/A), a newly manufactured botulinum toxin a, has not yet been investigated for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Neuronox (Neu-BoNT/A) compared with BOTOX (onabotulinum toxin A) for treating post-stroke upper...

Background: Spasticity has been proven to affect the quality of life and functional rehabilitation in patients post-stroke. Several studies aimed investigate ways reduce muscle tonicity this population. Peripheral joint mobilization (PJM) as well cryotherapy can be used effectively spasticity enhance range motion. Objectives: This study direct effect cryotherapy, that peripheral mobilization, o...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the intraobserver reliability of the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) in the assessment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Elbow flexor muscles, wrist flexor muscles, hip adductors, hamstrings, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of 37 children (mean age: 8.97±4.41) with spastic CP were evaluate...

OBJECTIVE To describe a hand-stretching device that was developed for the management of hand spasticity in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, and the effects of this device on hand spasticity. METHODS Fifteen chronic hemiparetic stroke patients with finger flexor spasticity were recruited and randomly assigned to an intervention group (8 patients) or a control group (7 patients). The stretc...

Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) is a neurosurgical procedure currently used as a surgical treatment of children with spasticity in their legs. In SDR, the dorsal roots from L2 to S1 or S2 is partially sectioned. The primary goal of SDR is to reduce spasticity and improve the range of movement with preservation of muscle strength. The dorsal roots involved in spasticity are identified on the ba...