This study offers new evidence on the effects of the matching contributions made by employers to 401(k) plan accounts on plan participation rates, exploiting microdata from the National Compensation Survey, a large, nationally representative, establishment dataset. It addresses the potential endogeneity of the matching contributions by employing coworker and labor market characteristics as inst...

Recent empirical work …nds that R&D expenditures are quite procyclical, even for …rms that are not credit-constrained during downturns. This has been taken as strong evidence against Schumpeterian-style theories of business cycles that emphasize the idea that downturns in production may be good times to allocate labor towards innovative activities. Here we argue that the procyclicality of R&D i...

Following mid-20 century predictions of Malthusian catastrophe, fertility in the developing world more than halved. We analyze how fertility change related to economic growth during this episode, using data on 2.3 million women from 255 surveys in 81 countries. We find different responses to fluctuations and long-run growth, both of them heterogeneous over the lifecycle. Fertility was procyclic...

The dried leaves of Combretum and Terminalia species (Com hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. Thin layer chroma under saturated conditions and sprayed with 0.2% 2,2-diphen for antioxidant screening. Visualization of separated bands the localization and the subsequent identification of the poten methanol extracts displayed the presence of antioxidant activ DPPH. Hexane and dichloromethane extr...

Using a two-country general equilibrium model, this paper analytically derives the possibility of positive welfare consequences of vehicle currency use in invoicing international trades. Such vehicle currency use is prominent in the data. The literature points out welfare loss under optimal monetary policy due to vehicle currency pricing relative to the flexible price equilibrium outcome, model...

ferula assa-foetida l. (apiaceae) is one of the most important endangered medicinal plants,which is rare in nature due to poor seed germination. in an effort to improve and promote the cultivation ofthis plant, the effects of two temperatures (23°c and 4°c), exogenous ga3 and cytokinins (kinetin and bap)were investigated on dormancy breaking and germination of f. assa-foetida l. seeds. among th...