this paper has been created in order to study the role of the meaning in creating a sense of place and in order to answer the questions about that, the meaning factor in each of its types- including the meanings that are in the mind of the human beings and the meanings that are in the place- can make which levels of meaning and also it is about that, how to achieve the various levels of sense o...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes chronic inflammation of the intestine known as Johne’s disease (JD) in domestic and wild ruminants including primates. MAP has also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) so called Crohn’s disease (CD) of human beings, which is incurable even after surgery. By virtue of the pasteurization resistant power, high endemicity of the i...

these limitations, the thoroughness of the book still shines, and both clinicians and researchers will benefit from having this concise volume. pp. $8.95. Charles Darwin was not the first biologist to consider the possibility that living beings might have evolved from earlier precursors, but he was the first to develop a radical concept of the nature of evolution and to organize supporting evid...

In the area of genometry-the nascent field of science and technology that proposes to apply enhanced understanding of the human genetic code to reshaping our individual and collective destinies-research and development directed toward improving the function of the human brain has not advanced at the same rate as studies focused on physical enhancement. This article describes developments in the...

‘Cogito, ergo sum’, said Descartes – ‘I think, therefore I am’. If he were living today, he might have said, ‘I feel, therefore I am’. We exist not only as thinking beings but also as feeling beings. Our feelings or emotions have a powerful effect on our behaviour – perhaps much more than our rational thinking does. In this article I describe the power of emotion at work, how emotional intellig...

Ghasem Amin is known as a harbinger of women’s social and cultural rights in the world of Arabs. Primarily, he centered his ideas on three axes: a; women’s education to the primary level, B; necessity of women’s free will and decision making in issues like marriage, c; religious veil (covering all the body except the face and the two palms); although the outcomes of his ideas require more discu...