Translation is an indispensable tool for communication between the diverse linguistic groups. It opens new horizons for the people living in a country so that it makes changes and improvements in their society, especially in the literature. Through the translation process, some literary principles and elements are introduced into the home literature which did not exist before. These features em...

The aim of this essay is to propose a view literary translation as “performance”, i.e., both an art and activity endowed with specific affinities those the actor or musician. Actors musicians offer subjective interpretations dramatic texts musical scripts that they present on stage in concert hall. Likewise, translator presents her/his interpretation rendering text readers whose mother tongue c...

This article attempts to see, through the structural significances of poetic language, the nature of the split between linguistic description and literary interpretation. Rhythm is the most prominent means of relating form to content in poetic language. The first account of this prominence is seen through identifying its position in the two prosodic forms of metrical and non-metrical poetry. Fo...

nazim hikmet (1901-1963), turkish poet and a true believer ofmarxism, spent 12 years of his life in prison and nearly 20 years in exile, anexperience that profoundly changed his perception of  space and influenced the horizon structure ofhis literary work. as michel collot explains, horizon structure considers thephenomenological idea of “existence-in the world” and seeks the life characteror s...

hariri’s maqamat is one of arabic cultural and literary works in the field of social aspects of life and linguistic characteristics and language games, as well as on narrative aspects of fictions. avoidance from pure verbal and historical topics and from mere attention to rhetorical techniques in this work, on one hand, and the tendency to survey and follow the narration on the other hand can p...

unlike ordinary language, signs or elements of a literary language tend to develop a loose connection with their innate meanings and conceptions, and there appears to be no logical and natural tie between the words and their possible meanings. this fundamental gap or difference pushes a literary language  further to be dynamic and brings along various vistas for reading. what is important in de...

Many scientific authors--among them famous names such as Henri Gastaut or Sigmund Freud--dealt with the question from what kind of epilepsy Fyodor Mikhailovitch Dostoevsky (1821-1881) might had suffered. Because of the tight interplay between Dostoevsky's literary work and his own disease we throw light on the author's epilepsy against the background of his epileptic fictional characters. Moreo...