The impact of an insect-free artificial diet provided at nymphal and/or adult stage upon the developmental rate, life table parameters, and fertility table parameters was examined for Podisus maculiventris (Say). This study showed that when fed an insect-free artificial diet during both the nymphal and adult stage, developmental time was prolonged, preoviposition period was extended, and reprod...

Despite current scientific evidence that artificial feeding is a harmful practice, unquestioned acceptance of breastfeeding as the normal or "default" method of infant feeding remains elusive in the industrialised world. Throughout the developing world the profound consequences of the aggressive marketing strategies of the infant formula industry since the end of the Second World War is well kn...

www.aafp.org/afp AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN 1605 ing artificial nutrition and hydration to patients with severe dementia. These techniques have been promoted as a method to improve nutrition, maintain skin integrity by enhanced protein intake, prevent aspiration pneumonia, minimize suffering, improve functional status, and extend life. Additionally, providing artificial nutrition and hydration h...

Women have the right to support that enables them to breastfeed. Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies is important because artificial feeding places mothers and children at risk. In emergencies, artificial feeding is dangerous to the infant, difficult and requires substantial resources. In contrast, breastfeeding guards infant health. It is also protective against postpartum haemorrhage, mat...

The purpose of this study was to assess elderly persons' wishes regarding the use and choice of different life-sustaining treatments (LST). Data were collected from a random sample of 987 Israeli elderly persons, aged 70+. Interviewees were questioned about their wishes for artificial feeding, mechanical ventilation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in five different illness conditions. Result...

OBJECTIVE to explore infant feeding decisions among low-income women living in Ireland to gain an in-depth understanding of the factors, which influence breast feeding initiation and continuation. DESIGN a descriptive qualitative study using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. SETTING community and primary health-care settings in the Republic of Ireland. PARTICIPANTS a convenienc...

Pneumococcal (Pnc) carriage is associated with pneumococcal diseases. Breast feeding and maternal vaccination may be a useful approach to prevent pneumococcal infection in young infants. We examined the risk of Pnc carriage by infants at six months of age after pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination of pregnant women. We selected 139 pregnant woman. The woman were randomly allocated to receive...

The synergism of passive smoking and artificial feeding on hospitalization for respiratory illness in early childhood was examined among 2,227 subjects born in the last quarter of 1983 in Chang-Ning District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. The eligible families were visited by the trained interviewers. A loglinear model shows no interaction on a multiplicative scale between these two fac...

OBJECTIVE We assessed the uptake of a nutritional intervention promoting exclusive breast-feeding with early cessation between 3 and 4 months of age to reduce postnatal transmission of HIV in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. DESIGN Between March 2001 and March 2003, HIV-infected pregnant women who had received perinatal antiretroviral prophylaxis were systematically offered prenatally 2 infant feeding...

Using Evarcha culicivora, an East African jumping spider (Salticidae), we investigate how nectar meals function in concert with predation specifically at the juvenile stage between emerging from the egg sac and the first encounter with prey. Using plants and using artificial nectar consisting of sugar alone or sugar plus amino acids, we show that the plant species (Lantana camara, Ricinus commu...