Twenty-one isolates of 18 fungal species were tested on water agar for their pathogenicity to eggs of Heterodera glycines. An egg-parasitic index (EPI) for each of these fungi was recorded on a scale from 0 to 10, and hatch of nematode eggs was determined after exposure to the fungi on water agar for 3 weeks at 24 C. The EPI for Verticillium chlamydosporium was 7.6, and the fungus reduced hatch...

The technology of mRNA-based differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was used to detect a 246-bp differentially expressed fragment from the nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oviformis when young mycelia were induced with the round worm Haemonchus contortus. The fragment was converted into an expressed sequence tag (EST) through characterization at the mol...

The initial infection process of nematode-trapping fungi is based on an interaction between the trapping structure of the fungus and the surface of the nematode cuticle. A bioassay was designed to investigate the predatory response of several isolates of nematode-trapping fungi against 3 mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (AT6, AT10 and CL261), which have been reported to differ in the reaction ...

The microbial ecology within the rhizosphere of Tylenchulus semipenetrans-infected Citrus L. trees was examined. Sixty bacterial strains were obtained from roots infected and eggs T. semipenetrans. Among these some agar plates two nematophagous fungi, Dactylellina gephyropaga (Drechsler) Ying Yang & Xing Z. Liu Arthrobotrys conoides Drechsler. Bacterial identified using 16S rDNA, gyrA rpoB gene...

The p21-GTPase-activated protein kinases (PAKs) participate in signal transduction downstream of Rho GTPases, which are regulated by GTPase-activating proteins (Rho-GAP). Herein, we characterized two orthologous Rho-GAPs (AoRga1 and AoRga2) PAKs (AoPak1 AoPak2) through bioinformatics analysis reverse genetics Arthrobotrys oligospora , a typical nematode-trapping (NT) fungus. transcription analy...

Nematophagous fungi can trap and capture nematodes and other small invertebrates. This unique ability has made them ideal organisms from which to develop biological control agents against plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes. However, effective application of biocontrol agents in the field requires a comprehensive understanding about the ecology and population genetics of the nematophagous fun...

Aggressiveness of fifteen isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola and variations in angular leaf spot symptom development in common bean were studied. The isolates were selected based on their virulence and genetic differences and represented Andean, Afro-Andean and Mesoamerican groups of P. griseola. Aggressiveness was determined based on length of incubation period, rate of lesion expansion, les...

Nematophagous fungi are soil-living fungi that are used as biological control agents of plant and animal parasitic nematodes. Their potential could be improved by genetic engineering, but the lack of information about the molecular background of the infection has precluded this development. In this paper we report that a subtilisin-like extracellular serine protease designated PII is an importa...

The genetic variation of Duddingtonia flagrans, which has become a promising biocontrol agent of animal parasitic nematodes, was investigated in a worldwide collection of 22 isolates. We analysed the sequence variation in four nuclear genes, tubA (beta-tubulin), CMD1 (calmodulin), EF1alpha (translation elongation factor 1alpha), and PII (extracellular serine protease). 1428 aligned base pairs (...