BACKGROUND We report a unique case of an acquired pial arteriovenous fistula occurring after an asymptomatic thrombosis of a superficial cerebral vein. CASE DESCRIPTION A cerebral angiogram performed in a 51-year-old man with subarachnoid hemorrhage revealed a 10-mm ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm and a thrombosed left superficial middle cerebral vein. Coil embolization of the...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare vascular abnormalities that permit direct communication between the pulmonary artery and vein. During pregnancy, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation carries an increased risk of enlargement and rupture, which could lead to life-threatening hemothorax. This is the first case reporting successful thoracoscopic surgery for a pregnant woman...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) are at risk for developing cerebral vascular malformations and pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae. We assessed the risk of neurological dysfunction from these malformations and fistulae. METHODS Three hundred twenty-one consecutive patients with HHT seen at a single institution over a 20-year period were studied. A...

PURPOSE To assess the feasibility, natural history, and preliminary physiologic validation of creating an in vivo arteriovenous malformation model in swine. METHODS A transorbital puncture technique into the cavernous sinus was used to create an arteriovenous communication between the rostral rete and the cavernous sinus in eight swine. Short-term patency and hemodynamic behavior were assesse...

Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is usually caused by inappropriate blood vessel cannulation during diagnostic and interventional procedures [1–3]. Arteriovenous fistulas occur in 1.0–1.5% of cases following procedures with femoral access (FA) [1, 4, 5]. Iatrogenic fistulas are unintentional connections between an artery and a vein due to the needle being advanced too deeply and reaching ...

Objective: To report our experience with the endovascular management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas. Methods: Fifty patients (66% males and 34% females) with cerebral arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas were treated in our department between September 2007 and April of 2010 using endovascular therapy. A total of 84 endovascular ...

The literature on spinal vascular malformations contains a great deal of confusing terminology. Some of the nomenclature is inconsistent with the lesions described. Based on the experience of the senior author (R.F.S.) in the treatment of more than 130 spinal cord vascular lesions and based on a thorough review of the relevant literature, the authors propose a modified classification system for...

A role for the Notch signalling pathway in the formation of arteriovenous malformations during development has been suggested. However, whether Notch signalling is involved in brain arteriovenous malformations in humans remains unclear. Here, we performed immunohistochemistry on surgically resected brain arteriovenous malformations and found that, compared with control brain vascular tissue, No...

Venous stenosis is a significant problem in arteriovenous fistulae, likely due to anatomical configuration and wall shear stress profiles. To identify linkages between wall shear stress and the magnitude and pattern of vascular stenosis, we produced curved and straight fistulae in a pig model. A complete wall stress profile was calculated for the curved configuration and correlated with luminal...

Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is a newly discovered hereditary disorder. Its defining features are atypical cutaneous multifocal capillary malformations often in association with high-flow lesions: cutaneous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraosseous and cerebral arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas. Some patients have Parkes Weber syndrome - a lar...