This paper studies the trade-off between two different kinds of pure exploration: breadth versus depth. We focus on the most biased coin problem, asking how many total coin flips are required to identify a “heavy” coin from an infinite bag containing both “heavy” coins with mean ✓ 1 2 (0, 1), and “light" coins with mean ✓ 0 2 (0, ✓ 1 ), where heavy coins are drawn from the bag with proportion ↵...

OBJECTIVES To determine the quantity and quality of bacterial and fungi on money coins and to identify those that could pose a public health risk. DESIGN Random sampling of coins from subjects within predetermined categories. SETTING Westlands division of Nairobi Metropolitan province. SUBJECTS Twenty-shilling coin samples were collected from matatu (a common commuter vehicle in Kenya) ta...

Compact e-cash schemes allow a user to withdraw a wallet containing k coins in a single operation, each of which the user can spend unlinkably. One big open problem for compact e-cash is to allow multiple denominations of coins to be spent efficiently without executing the spend protocol a number of times. In this paper, we give a (partial) solution to this open problem by introducing two addit...

Divisible E-cash systems allow users to withdraw a unique coin of value 2 from a bank, but then to spend it in several times to distinct merchants. In such a system, whereas users want anonymity of their transactions, the bank wants to prevent, or at least detect, double-spending, and trace the defrauders. While this primitive was introduced two decades ago, quite a few (really) anonymous const...

Foreign body ingestion is a common emergency problem in children. Coins are the most common foreign bodies lodged in the esophagus. This is a retrospective study where we reviewed 21 consecutive paediatric cases of coins impacted in the upper esophagus. These children were attended at the BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, from March 2007 to March 2008. In this study, Mc-Intosh la...

All gold and silver coins legally current in the UK Certain French, Spanish and American gold coins 5-franc pieces of the Latin Union All bronze coins legally current in the UK nil nil 3. Gold Coast and Dependencies ditto nil nil ditto Nickel-bronze 1/10 of a penny, halfpenny and 1-penny pieces nil 4. Southern Nigeria (Western Province) ditto Certain French, spanish and american gold coins nil ...

Esophageal foreign bodies (FBs) in children are a commonly seen complaint that can cause severe morbidity. Different methods are used for their extraction. We reviewed our cases and described direct extraction technique. The specifications of 1116 children with esophageal FBs between 1990 and 2000 were evaluated. All FB cases were considered emergencies and intervention was performed in the ope...