Expected lifetime and reliability of multilayer ceramic actuators were considered. 5 · 5 · 5 mm sized multilayer ceramic actuators with 60 ceramic sheet layers embedded internal electrodes were selected in this experimental analysis. Specially selected rectified AC bias was applied to the multilayer ceramic actuators to remove heating during charging and discharging process. Sixteen sets of mul...

Golgi-membrane vesicle penetration was studied by osmotic lysis. Pronounced temperature dependence of mannitol and mannoheptitol penetration over 0-37 degrees C gave linear Arrhenius plots, with activation energies of 75 and 117 kJ/mol respectively. Glucose penetration was constant over pH 5-9, but was respectively faster and slower at higher and lower pH values. Solubilized, dialysed, heat-sta...

In the present work, the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy were calculated using an infinite series solution of Fick’s diffusion equation. The results showed that increasing drying temperature accelerated the drying process. All drying experiments had only falling rate period. The average effective moisture diffusivity values varied from 2.807x10 to 6.977x10m s over the tempe...

In accelerated life testing, the nominal life time is often related to stress levels by an acceleration equation. Three particular models that have been used frequently in the past are the power law model, the Arrhenius model and the Eyring model. In this paper we suggest choosing a model from a model family which includes the three particular models as special cases. This family is deened by a...

Acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria were enriched from mine water samples with ferrous sulfate as the substrate at incubation temperatures in the range of 4 to 46 degrees C. After several subcultures at each test temperature except 46 degrees C, which was prohibitive to growth, the rates of iron oxidation were determined in batch cultures. The results yielded linear rates in a semilogarithmic s...

Introduction: Diffusion in brain tissue is well known to be non-Gaussian, resulting in major efforts to understand the biophysical basis of water mobility in such tissues [1]. This study aims to understand the energetics of differently diffusing components by quantification of their respective activation energies. When temperature is varied, self-diffusion in pure liquids follows the Arrhenius ...

We present a dynamical description and analysis of nonequilibrium transitions in the noisy one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau equation for an extensive system based on a weak noise canonical phase space formulation of the Freidlin-Wentzel or Martin-Siggia-Rose methods. We derive propagating nonlinear domain wall or soliton solutions of the resulting canonical field equations with superimposed diff...

Textural difEerences between Cheddar and Cheshire cheeses were examined rheologically to provide a means of distinguishing these two English cheeses. Body breakdown of a 6@wk Cheshire sample occurred at a lower strain than did a 20-wk sample, whereas a 60-wk Cheddar sample did not break down under the same conditions. All cheeses followed the Arrhenius equation, and the energy of activation obt...

Time-resolved studies of silylene, SiH, , generated by laser flash photolysis of phenylsilane, have been carried out to obtain rate constants for its bimolecular reaction with monosilane, SiH4. The reaction was studied in t he gas phase over the pressure range 1-100 Torr, with both Ar and SF, as bath gases, at six temperatures in the range 298-665 K. The reaction of SiH, with SiH, to form disil...