1. introduction as strongly accepted among climatologists, climate change is a result of human activities. there is disagreement about how to define climate change, because of tremendous difference of climate changes in scale, intensity and occurrence time in various regions. recently there have been several observation analyses involving daily and extreme daily temperature trend and variabilit...

Hydrological processes and their spatial distribution directly are relevant to climate, topography, geology, and land use in the watershed. Therefore, use of a model whit integrity and high performance for simulating the process in deferent watersheds is very important. In this study was assessment performance of semi-distributed SWAT model in simulating hydrology processes in three watersheds ...

This paper investigates the function of windcatchers in dry regions in Middle East and compares them in different fields in two areas including Yazd-Iran, and Egypt. The study examines windcatchers in these areas in terms of cooling system and forms, with different plans, forms, constituent components and decorations.Reassessment of windcatchers in these areas can shed light on these difference...

mixing at nighttime should play a dominant role by transferring more heat from the atmosphere to the near-surface to warm the Tmin. Further analyses using the high resolution CFMIP2 output also support the CMIP5 results about the connections of the biases between the simulated turbulent mixing and the temperature diurnal cycle. The large inter-model variations of the simulated temperature diurn...

In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of severe drought events, climate change in arid regions has become one research hotspots. However, previous studies mainly focused on a specific region, and correlations differences among various have not been clearly understood. this study, based latest monthly gridded dataset CRU, we compare characteristics its relationship large-scale oceanic os...

soil, a 3-dimensional component of the landscape, or simply a natural body in a soilscape with a given geopedological setting, was modeled by jenny as s = f (climate, organism, relief, parent material, time). to map such a complex body, the concept ‗pedon’ –the smallest volume that can be recognized as a soil had to be defined. classically, soil is known to function as provider, controller, reg...

palynological analyses from exposed palaeolacustrine deposits located at the flanks of damavand volcano, in the central alborzmountains in northern iran, provide a broad idea of the temporal variation of vegetation according to climate changes during a rangeof limited time intervals during the quaternary period. this research reveals that the regional vegetation of the study area had been asemi...