The multiple knapsack problem (MKP) is a natural and well-known generalization of the single knapsack problem and is defined as follows. We are given a set of n items and m bins (knapsacks) such that each item i has a profit p(i) and a size s(i), and each bin j has a capacity c(j). The goal is to find a subset of items of maximum profit such that they have a feasible packing in the bins. MKP is...

Novel constitutive gene promoters are essential components of crop biotechnology. Our analysis of five such promoters, APX, SCP1, PGD1, R1G1B, and EIF5, in transgenic rice plants is reported here. The five promoter regions were linked to the gfp reporter gene and transformed into rice. Using fluorescent microscopy and q-RT-PCR, promoter activities were analysed in comparison with OsCc1, Act1, a...

It is recognized that fish will drink the surrounding water by reflex swallowing without a thirst sensation. We evaluated the role of the area postrema (AP), a sensory circumventricular organ (CVO) in the medulla oblongata, in the regulation of drinking behavior of seawater (SW) eels. The antidipsogenic effects of ghrelin and atrial natriuretic peptide and hypervolemia and hyperosmolemia (1 M s...

In all-optical networks, several communications can be transmitted through the same fiber link provided that they use different wavelengths. The MINIMUM ALL-OPTICAL ROUTING problem (given a list of pairs of nodes standing for as many point to point communication requests, assign to each request a route along with a wavelength so as to minimize the overall number of assigned wavelengths) has bee...

A path is said to be `-bounded if it contains at most ` edges. We consider two types of `-bounded disjoint paths problems. In the maximum edgeor node-disjoint path problems MEDP(`) and MNDP(`), the task is to find the maximum number of edgeor node-disjoint `-bounded (s, t)-paths in a given graph G with source s and sink t, respectively. In the weighted edgeor node-disjoint path problems WEDP(`)...

Reduced oxygen intermediates are produced in plant tissues from mitochondrial and chloroplastic electron transport pathways and from electron-saturated photosynthetic pigments (Bowler et al., 1992). For instance, the Mehler reaction is a primary source of reduced oxygen intermediates in chloroplasts in which dioxygen is reduced by Fd on the reducing side of PSI to produce .O2-. The dismutation ...

water deficit stress is the most important environmental constraint for growth, yield and productivity of crops, including the oil seed crops. this study was aimed at studying the influence of differing irrigation régimes on growth, chlorophyll , proline and some antioxidants content along with grain yield, yield components and oil content of sesame genotypes using a 4-replicate split plot rand...

The maximum traveling salesman problem (Max TSP) consists of finding a Hamiltonian cycle with the total weight edges in given complete weighted graph. This is APX-hard general metric case but admits polynomial-time approximation schemes geometric setting, when edge weights are induced by vector norm fixed-dimensional real space. We propose first scheme for Max TSP an arbitrary space fixed doubl...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate flexural strengths, moduli, and maximum deflection of Clearfil AP-X (APX) and Ceram-X Mono (CXM) when cured with a quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH) or an LED-light (LED). METHODS Specimens were made according to ISO 4049 and cured with QTH or LED for 10, 20 or 60s. Flexural strength, modulus, and deflection were determined after 24 h water sto...

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an important relatively stable non-radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced by normal aerobic metabolism in plants. At low concentrations, H2O2 acts as a signal molecule involved in the regulation of specific biological/physiological processes (photosynthetic functions, cell cycle, growth and development, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses). Oxidat...