Assume there exists information in past data that relates to future trends. This is the case with our physical world. It allows physics models to predict exactly how fast an apple will fall. With historical data in the physical world, such as the apple has been 8m above the surface for a long time and that the apple's stem breaks at t = 0, it is possible to predict where the apple will be in th...

To improve the classification accuracy rate of apple leaf disease images and solve the problem of dimension redundancy in feature extraction, Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) transform and sparse representation are applied to apple leaf disease recognition. Firstly 9 color features and 8 texture features of disease leaf images are extracted and taken as feature vectors after dimensionality reduction by the...

A virus with isometric virus particles (ca. 25 nm) was isolated from an apple tree and named Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV). Virus particles purified from infected Chenopodium quinoa formed two bands with densities of 1.41 and 1.43 g/cm(3) in CsCl equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation, indicating that the virus is composed of two components. The virus had two ssRNA species (RNA1 and ...

The traditional cutting of fiber-reinforced plastics causes serious concern of tool wear. The merits of narrow cuts and flexible path of lasers lead to the application of the shaping operation of composite material after curing. However, laser-induced thermal damage is often produced. It leads to poor assembly tolerance and long-term performance deterioration. The current study derives the conc...