The essential steps for successful endodontic treatment consist of elimination of all diseased pulp and dentin tissues, adequate chemomechanical preparation and filling of the root canal system hermetically.[1] Moreover, it is crucial that root canal obturation has to be limited within root canal system. Minor apical foramen or minor apical constriction is known to be situated 0.5–1.5 mm corona...

Introduction: In teeth with incomplete rhizogenesis, the canal is frustoconical and broad, foramen absent. The disinfection obturation protocol must be adapted to keep treatment within root limits. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) performs an apexification by creating a hard tissue barrier cement deposits, it not toxic periradicular tissues. Hypoplasia quantitative enamel defect caused heredita...

Besides the risk of filling material extrusion throughout the apex, a satisfactory apical seal can be difficult to achieve in canals with open apices or iatrogenic enlargements of the apical constriction. These situations pose a challenge to root canal filling. This paper describes the root canal filling of a maxillary right canine with an overinstrumented apex, complete loss of the apical stop...

BACKGROUND The results of an in vivo study on the "ratio method" used in electronic foramen locators (EFL) are presented. EFLs are becoming widely used in the determination of the working length (WL) during the root canal treatment. The WL is the distance from a coronal reference point to the point at which canal preparation and filling should terminate. The "ratio method" was assessed by many ...

In the clinical practice, it is much more efficient to use NiTi rotary files compared to hand instrumentation. However, misuse of NiTi rotary files can result in procedural errors such as transportation, ledge, perforation, and file separation. Generally, following suggestions could be considered to avoid these errors. 1. Enlarge the coronal half of the root canal before preparing the apical pa...

PURPOSE The purpose of this clinical feasibility study was to evaluate the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of apical periodontitis in direct comparison with cone beam CT (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS 19 consecutive patients (average age 43 ± 13 years) with 34 lesions in total (13 molars, 14 premolars and 7 front teeth) were enrolled in this feasibility stu...

AIM To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX, Elements-Diagnostic, Precision AL and Raypex 5 electronic apex locators when compared to radiographs for locating the apical constriction. METHODOLOGY The apical constriction of 693 canals in 245 maxillary and mandibular teeth was located in vivo with four electronic apex locators (EALs) and radiographically. After extraction the actual location of...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary first molars with regards to patients’ age and gender with cone-beam computed tomography (cbct). methods and materials: a total of 149 cbct scans from 92 (67.1%) female and 57 (31.3%) male patients with mean age of 40.5 years were evaluated. tooth length, presence of root fusion, number of the ...