Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is a common treatment modality for bladder cancer after transurethral resection of a bladder tumor. This therapy is generally safe, and development of a prostatic abscess with a prostatorectal fistula after intravesical BCG immunotherapy is a very rare complication. This finding was incidentally obtained by the authors, who examined a pa...

Tuberculosis of the breast is an uncommon disease even in countries where the incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is high. Clinical presentation is usually of a solitary, ill-defined, unilateral hard lump situated in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. This disease can present a diagnostic problem on radiological and microbiological investigations, and thus a high index o...

HIV infection represents a risk factor for hypersensitivity reactions to antimicrobial drugs. We report the first case of delayed, cell-mediated, allergy to isoniazid in a 57-year-old HIV-infected patient, who developed a maculo-papular exhantema after 10-day treatment with isoniazid etambutol, pyrazinamide and rifabutin. Pacht test resulted positive for isoniazid. Graded challenges with the ot...

Background: Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic very useful in the treatment of several bacterial infections. The Thiazolidinone ring system represents privileged structure drug discovery. multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria infects many people worldwide and disease kills 1.8 million annually, so combination ofloxacin-thiazolidinone ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important disease that causes thousands of deaths around the world. Resistance against antitubercular available drugs has been reported; so, research on new effective antimycobacterial molecules is needed. Antimycobacterial activity of three lignans and two synthetic hydrazones was assessed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by antimycobacterial microdilution assay...

INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis of the flat bones is rare and only a small percentage involves the scapular bone. CASE PRESENTATION We report a rare case of tuberculosis of the scapula in a 14-year-old. Diagnostic clues include lytic areas with low density seen in the body of the scapula involving a glenoid margin associated with typical clinical features. Treatment should include a regimen of four...

INTRODUCTION Pancreatic tuberculosis is a rare disease even in endemic countries for tuberculosis. Here, we report a case of pancreatic tuberculosis from tuberculosis endemic zone presenting as obstructive jaundice mimicking pancreatic cancer. CASE PRESENTATION A 41-year-old male presented with features of malignant obstructive jaundice. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan showed mas...

BACKGROUND Rifampicin induces expression of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2B6 (CYP2B6), which metabolizes efavirenz. The CYP2B6 516G>T polymorphism impairs efavirenz metabolism and occurs more commonly in Africans than in Caucasians. We explored the effect of rifampicin-based antitubercular therapy and the 516G>T polymorphism on efavirenz concentrations in HIV-infected patients in South Africa....

OBJECTIVES A novel and simple method to synthesize antitubercular-protein conjugate by solid phase synthesis was developed employing a carboxypolystyrene resin. The aim was to covalently bind a drug with antitubercular activity, isoniazid, to a biomacromolecule, gelatin, widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry. METHODS Calorimetric and (1) H NMR analyses were performed t...

Multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis seriously threaten tuberculosis (TB) control and prevention efforts. Molecular studies of the mechanism of action of antitubercular drugs have elucidated the genetic basis of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis. Drug resistance in M. tuberculosis is attributed primarily to the accumulation of mutations in the drug target genes; these muta...