HIV resistance to antiretroviral agents is a major contributory cause of treatment failure. The dynamics of HIV replication, together with patient-, physician-, and drug-related factors, lead to emergence of HIV resistant strains in most of the patients. Phenotypic assays look for an increase in the antiretroviral drug (ARV) concentration that inhibits 50% of the growth of the tested HIV strain...

The purpose of this study was to determine if anonymous and confidential testers differ in recency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at time of testing and prevalence of antiretroviral drug (ARV) resistance. We examined data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Testing project, which performed genotypic testing on leftover HI...

A 6-year study sponsored by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases determined that early administration of antiretroviral treatment (ARV) to HIV-infected people can reduce the risk of viral transmission to heterosexual partners by 96%. The study included 1763 couples in 9 countries, with 97% of the participants identified as heterosexual. Only 1 partner in each couple was ...

Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the treatment of HIV-1 infection using both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Optimal prevention of the MTCT of HIV requires antiretroviral drugs (ARV) during pregnancy, during labor, and to the infant. ARVs reduce viral replication, lowering maternal plasma viral load and th...

Purpose of the study A wide range of hepatotoxicity rates associated with antiretroviral drugs (ARV) has been reported in different studies. Reasons for this include diverse populations, with different prevalence of viral hepatitis coinfection, exposure to diverse ARV and variable criteria to define liver toxicity across studies. The liver safety of regimens including efavirenz (EFV), nevirapin...

BACKGROUND Guidelines established for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and genotype interpretation do not apply for HIV-2. Data about antiretroviral (ARV) drug efficacy and resistance mutations is scarce. METHODS Clinical data about HIV-2 infected patients in Belgium and Luxembourg were collected and the effect of ARV therapy on plasma viral load and CD4 counts were analysed. Viral RNA encodi...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has been effective in reducing HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality. However, the use and uptake of ART has resulted in adverse reactions, due mainly to the medicine's toxicity and interactions with other medicines. The timing of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among these patients is a critical public health issue for antiretroviral (ARV) treatment a...

INTRODUCTION Understanding the levels and associated factors of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial in designing interventions to improve adherence and health outcomes of ART. We assessed non-adherence to ART among HIV-infected persons reporting ART use in a nationally representative survey in Kenya. METHODS The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2012 was a population-based, hou...

Pendahuluan: Terjadi penurunan akses layanan antiretroviral (ARV) yang disebabkan kekuatiran ODHA terinfeksi COVID-19, anjuran karantina oleh pemerintah dan fungsi fasilitas kesehatan difokuskan menangani keadaan darurat COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial orang dengan HIV/AIDS ARV selama pandemi COVID-19 di Kabupaten/Kota Kediri.
 Metode: menggunakan...

INTRODUCTION This study aims to provide a landscape of the global antiretroviral (ARV) market by analyzing the transactional data on donor-funded ARV procurement between 2003 and 2015, and the ARV price determinants. DESIGN The data were obtained from the Global Price Reporting Mechanism (GPRM) managed by the AIDS Medicines and Diagnostics Service of the WHO, and it consists of information th...