In birds each hemisphere receives visual input from the contralateral eye. Since birds have no corpus callosum, avian brains are often seen as 'natural split brains'. How do birds cope with situations, when both hemispheres are brought into conflict? If under such conditions one hemisphere completely determines the response, this is called meta-control. This phenomenon has recently been demonst...

During corticogenesis, the earliest generated neurons form the preplate, which evolves into the marginal zone and subplate. Lrp12/Mig13a, a mammalian gene related to the Caenorhabditis elegans neuroblast migration gene mig-13, is expressed in a subpopulation of preplate neurons that undergo ventrally directed tangential migrations in the preplate layer and pioneer axon projections to the anteri...

squamous cell carcinoma comprises 95% of laryngeal carcinomas. it is usually detected by laryngoscopic evaluation. imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of submucosal extension and staging of this malignancy. supraglottic, glottic and sublottic regions are separately evaluated. in supraglottic region extension of the mass to preepilottic and paraglottic spaces and cartilges invasion...

To better understand the topological organization of the primordia within the anterior forebrain, we made a fate map of the rostral neural plate in the chick. Homotopic grafts at the four-somite stage were allowed to survive for up to 9 days to enable an analysis of definitive brain structures. In some cases, the topography of the grafted neuroepithelia was compared with gene expression pattern...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the results of different treatment modalities for carcinoma in situ of the glottis, and to identify important prognostic factors for outcome. DESIGN Review of 82 cases treated definitively for glottic carcinoma in situ between 1958 and 1998. The median follow-up for all patients was 112 months, and 90% had more than 2 years of follow-up. SETTING Academic tertiary care...

AA amygdala, anterior nucleus AAF anterior auditory field ABm basomedial nucleus of the amygdala ACe central nucleus of the amygdala AD anterior part of the DCN AES anterior ectosylvian area aes anterior ectosylvian sulcus AI primary auditory cortex AlP anterolateral periolivary nucleus APt anterior pretectum AII second auditory cortex AM anterior medial nucleus AV anterior ventral thalamic nuc...

Chondrocranial development in Ascaphus truei was studied by serial sectioning and graphical reconstruction. Nine stages (21-29; 9-18 mm TL) were examined. Mesodermal cells were distinguished from ectomesenchymal (neural crest derived) cells by retained yolk granules. Ectomesenchymal parts of the chondrocranium include the suprarostrals, pila preoptica, anterior trabecula, and palatoquadrate. Me...

Neurogenesis in the rat septal region was examined with 3H-thymidine autoradiography. The rats in the prenatal groups were the offspring of pregnant females given two injections of 3H-thymidine on consecutive days in an overlapping series: embryonic day (E) 13 + E14, E14 + E15,. . . E21 + E22. The rats in the postnatal groups were injected in a nonoverlapping series: the day of birth and postna...