Predation is thought to be one of the main structuring forces in animal communities. However, selective predation is often measured on isolated traits in response to a single predatory species, but only rarely are selective forces on several traits quantified or even compared between different predators naturally occurring in the same system. In the present study, we therefore measured behavior...

There are two competing theories about the interrelationships of craniates: the cyclostome theory assumes that lampreys and hagfishes are a clade, the cyclostomes, whose sister group is the jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes); the vertebrate theory assumes that lampreys and gnathostomes are a clade, the vertebrates, whose sister group is hagfishes. The vertebrate theory is best supported by a numb...

In this study we 1) describe the abundance of Anopheles and culicine immatures in different water body types in urban Malindi, Kenya, 2) compare Anopheles immature density in relation to culicine immature density, and 3) identify characteristics that influence the likelihood of water bodies being co-colonized by Anopheles and culicines. Entomological and environmental cross-sectional surveys co...

In the present study, we used morphological characters to estimate phylogenetic relationships among members of the subgenus Anopheles Meigen. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out for 36 species of Anopheles (Anopheles). An. (Stethomyia) kompi Edwards, An. (Lophopodomyia) gilesi (Peryassú), Bironella hollandi Taylor, An. (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú) and An. (Cellia) maculatus Theobald w...

Seventy-six sites characterized in Amazonian Brazil revealed distinct habitat diversification by examining the environmental factors associated with the distribution and abundance of five anopheline species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the subgenus Nyssorhynchus. These included three members of the Albitarsis Complex, Anopheles oryzalimnetes, Anopheles marajoara, Anopheles janconnae, Anopheles trian...

Results of a recent survey of the 3 species of Anopheles mosquitoes, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis, and Anopheles (Anopheles) pseudopunctipennis, on the island of Grenada are contrasted with the only other published survey of these species on Grenada, which was published in 1938. Results suggest that a significant change in the abundance and distrib...

<Anopheles culicifacies is a main malaria vector in southeastern part of Iran, bordring Afghanistan and Pakistan. So far, resistance to DDT, dieldrin, malathion and partial tolerance to pyrethroids has been reported in An. stephensi, but nothing confirmed on resistance status of An. culicifacies in Iran. Methods: In current study, along with WHO routine susceptibility test with DDT (4%), di...

Malaria control is increasingly recognised as playing a key role in poverty reduction in high burdened countries. The programme for malaria eradication based on vector control using very large quantities of DDT started in 1949 in the country and resulted in a dramatic reduction in malaria incidence. Vector population recovery, mainly due to resistance to DDT in Anopheles populations as well as ...

Anopheles malefactor Dyar and Knab is elevated from synonymy with An. punctimacula Dyar and Knab, and both species are described and illustrated. Primary morphological differences in the adult, pupal, and larval stages are provided for the separation and recognition of these species. An. punctimacula occurs from Mexico to northern Colombia and Venezuela, whereas An. malefactor is restricted to ...

Malaria is still a primary health problem in Colombia. The locality of Tierradentro is situated in the municipality of Montelíbano, Córdoba, in the northwest of Colombia, and has one of the highest annual parasite index of malaria nationwide. However, the vectors involved in malaria transmission in this locality have not yet been identified. In this study, the local anthropophilic Anopheles com...