The rate performance of lithium-ion secondary batteries depends critically on the kinetic transport of Li within the anode material. Here we use first-principles theoretical calculations to study the diffusion of Li in the low-concentration limit, using model electrodes of crystalline and four-fold coordinated bulk amorphous silicon. We identify Li diffusion pathways that have relatively low en...

Silicon is a promising and attractive anode material to replace graphite for high capacity lithium ion cells since its theoretical capacity is ~10 times of graphite and it is an abundant element on earth. However, there are challenges associated with using silicon as Li-ion anode due to the significant first cycle irreversible capacity loss and subsequent rapid capacity fade during cycling. In ...

Graphene-based nanocomposites have been demonstrated to be promising high-capacity anodes for lithium ion batteries to satisfy the ever-growing demands for higher capacity, longer cycle life and better high-rate performance. Synergetic effects between graphene and the introduced second-phase component are generally observed. In this feature review article, we will focus on the recent work on fo...

A novel approach for the marking of deposited lithium on graphite anodes from large automotive lithium-ion cells (≥6 Ah) is presented. Graphite anode samples were extracted from two different formats (cylindrical and pouch cells) of pristine and differently aged lithium-ion cells. The samples present a variety of anodes with various states of lithium deposition (also known as plating). A chemic...

The search for renewable energy sources has become challenging in the current era, as conventional fuel sources are of finite origins. Recent research interest has focused on various biophotovoltaic (BPV) platforms utilizing algae, which are then used to harvest solar energy and generate electrical power. The majority of BPV platforms incorporate indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes for the purpose of...

The versatility of gold for electrode manufacture suggests that it could be an ideal material for some microbial fuel cell applications. However, previous studies have suggested that microorganisms that readily transfer electrons to graphite do not transfer electrons to gold. Investigations with Geobacter sulfurreducens demonstrated that it could grow on gold anodes producing current nearly as ...

Anode materials play a key role in the performance, in particular the capacity and lifetime, of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Silicon has been demonstrated to be a promising anode material due to its high specific capacity, but pulverization during cycling and formation of an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase limit its cycle life. Herein, we show that anodes consisting of an active silicon ...

DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201400753 techniques. This is due to the heavy weight of the metal current collectors and the use of binders. [ 1,2 ] To improve the overall specifi c capacity of an electrode, high capacity active materials and light-weight current collectors should be used. With ten times higher theoretical capacity, abundance, non-toxicity, and low cost, Si has attracted extensive attention...

Anodes of 304 stainless steel have been processed by a continuous wave Yb fiber laser with a wavelength of 1.064 lm and subjected to 50 keV electron bombardment in order to determine the extent to which hydrogen outgassing is reduced by the laser surface melting treatment. The results show a reduction in outgassing, by approximately a factor of four compared to that from untreated stainless ste...

However, in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies on the lithiation /delithiation of Si anodes confi rmed the absence of the above-mentioned stable compounds in the electrochemical reaction in Li-ion batteries at room temperature. [ 12,13 ] The only crystalline lithium silicide formed is Li 15 Si 4 (space group 43 I d), a metastable phase that decomposes to Li 13 Si 4 , Li 17 Si 4 /Li 4.11 Si, o...