pinch analysis (pa) is used as a powerful tool for targeting and synthesis of heat and mass exchange networks. pa for solving includes extended and complex operation although having a simple concept. according to this matter, need for creating a pa software is clear hence famous an american and european cooperation introduce extensive and powerful software by applying advanced programming langu...

In the Atacama Desert, the narrow littoral plain and the adjacent mountain range have a unique climate. This area is locally called the “coastal desert with abundant cloudiness”, and extends from the coastline up to an elevation of 1000 m. The climate is designated as being BWn according to Köppen's Climate Classification as adapted for Chile. In the original classification the acronym (Bn) is ...

water productivity increase is one of the water management solutions in agriculture and increasing its efficiency. the accurate determination of plants water requirement and the accurate value estimate of evapotranspiration is essential for improving water productivity in irrigation network that it can help to improve water management in agriculture. in this research such climatic elements as t...

We examined the response of the normalized difference vegetation index, integrated over the growing season (gNDVI) to mean precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) over an 11-year period (1990–2000) for six biomes in the conterminous United States. We focused on withinand across-biome variance in longterm average gNDVI, emphasizing the degree to which this varia...

abstract consistent decreasing and increasing of temperature in the short-term period that is called freezing and thaw cycles is one of the important factors of damage to crop productions. in this research as to determine freezing and thaw cycles in the khorasan razavi province, the data of daily minimum and maximum temperatures of 9 synoptic stations was used over 20 statistic years (1989-2008...

this study was carried out in sorkhdeh rangeland in semnan province in order to determine the ecological species groups and their relationships with environmental factors as a tool for better management. vegetation sampling was performed in 230 plots under equal random classification method and soil samples were taken in 0-15 depth. climatic and topographic data were extracted by overlaying sam...

the aim of this paper is detection of exist of significance climatic trend in west-half of iran. it’s used monthly data of 16 climatic variables on 12 selected synoptic stations in period of 50 years statistic(1951-2000). the variables divided to two temperature and humid groups. the analysis methodology of the study is based on multivariable statistical analysis and box- jenkins forecasting mo...

In this paper, a study of the statistical analysis of total ozone concentration as released by satellite EPTOMS was used to show that annual coefficient of relative variability (ACRV) of ozone in West Africa over a period of 48 months increased gradually from 3.5% at latitudinal zone 0-5N to 6.1% at zone 2025N. A strong positive correlation of 0.99 was observed between the ACRV of ozone and ave...