* James M. Buchanan Center for Political Economy, George Mason University, MSN 1D3, Carow Hall, Fairfax, VA 22030; [email protected]. Cowen is a professor of economics and the general director of the Mercatus Center and the Buchanan Center. He is the author of In Praise of Commercial Culture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), What Price Fame? (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000), ...

The review presents modern data on the genetics and etiopathogenetic features of Clostridium perfringens toxins, including role enterotoxin, in development food poisoning a number intestinal diseases humans, animals birds.

most birds probably can carry listeria spp. asymptomatically in their intestines with varying prevalence and can transmit the pathogens to human. the genus-listeria has two pathogenic species namely, l. monocytogenes and l. ivanovii. l. monocytogenes is a well-known cause of abortion, encephalitis and septicaemia in man and animals. l. ivanovii is an animal pathogen and in rare cases cause huma...

botulism is a zoonotic disease which has a worldwide distribution . the source of infection in livestock is usually carcasses of birds, domestic and wild animals . rotten carcasses of animals are contaminated by clostridium botulinum .the toxin of this bacteria leads to a fatal paralytic disease . this paper reports an outbreak of domestic animal botulism in the villages of bushehr province in ...

Two commercial flocks of Chinese partridge experienced increased mortality associated with a wasting disease at 120-day old in June 2006. Postmortem examination of dead chickens consistently showed visceral tissues mainly proventriculus, liver and spleen were diffuse enlargement. Microscopic examination revealed masses of immature lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures were seen in various t...

Fatty acids (FA) have crucial functions in animals, affecting e.g., inflammatory responses, thermoregulation, and cell membrane fluidity. Diet and ambient temperature affect animals’ FA composition, which, in turn, may influence these physiological processes. Great tits (Parus major)—common in both urban and rural habitats—are mainly granivorous during winter and insectivorous during summer. Th...

Wing-assisted incline running (WAIR) is a form of locomotion in which a bird flaps its wings to aid its hindlimbs in climbing a slope. WAIR is used for escape in ground birds, and the ontogeny of this behavior in precocial birds has been suggested to represent a model analogous to transitional adaptive states during the evolution of powered avian flight. To begin to reveal the aerodynamics of f...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish the identity of the parasitic communities of the chukar partridge from Iraq as well as reporting on the prevalence and intensity of various infections from several localities and comprising both sexes. METHODS Twenty-nine live adult chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) were obtained from several localities across the northern provinces of Iraq. ...