We examined adjustment problems as risks for patterns of emotions, appraisals, and coping with rejection, and explored whether these processes could account for sex (boy/girl) differences in coping. Young adolescents (N = 669, grades 6-8) completed questionnaires, which assessed responses to peer rejection threat with two short scenarios. Using structural equation modeling to test a multivariat...

The authors conducted a comprehensive review to understand the relation between personality and aggressive behavior, under provoking and nonprovoking conditions. The qualitative review revealed that some personality variables influenced aggressive behavior under both neutral and provocation conditions, whereas others influenced aggressive behavior only under provocation. Studies that assessed p...

Forgivingness is the disposition to forgive interpersonal transgressions over time and across situations. There is currently no acceptable measure of forgivingness for use in testing theoretical propositions. The authors describe a five-item scenario-based scale, the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF). In five studies examining 518 university students from three disparate univ...

Three hundred and seventy-six middle school students in Wenchuan County were assessed three and one-half years after the Wenchuan earthquake to examine the effects of rumination on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). The results revealed that recent intrusive ruminations partly mediated the relationship between intrusive rumination soon after the earthquake with...

To examine the role of rumination in the aftermath of traumatic/stressful events, posttraumatic growth (PTG) and the four types of rumination (i.e., intrusive rumination soon after the event, intrusive rumination recently, deliberate rumination soon after the event, and deliberate rumination recently) were assessed retrospectively for participants from the USA (N=224) and Japan (N=431). The res...

Is there an adaptive side to rumination? We tested whether rumination that is focused on correcting past mistakes and active goal achievement could produce positive outcomes; this is in contrast to rumination that focuses on the implications of failure (i.e., state rumination) and taskirrelevant rumination. In all studies, participants received failure feedback on an initial task. A second task...

Relationships among rumination, social support, and negative affect were examined using a daily process methodology. Trait rumination predicted subsequent daily rumination about daily family stress. However, findings from multilevel modeling indicated that these effects were moderated by social support. Social support also attenuated the effect of state rumination on negative affect. When those...

Aggressive individuals are at increased risk of poor health, early mortality, mental health problems, and decreased life satisfaction. However, recent research suggests that trait aggression is not a unitary phenomenon. To date, most personality research on the topic has focused on direct aggression. Individuals high in trait direct aggression tend to respond to provocation with immediate anger...

Converging research findings indicate that rumination is correlated with a specific maladaptive interpersonal style encapsulating submissive (overly-accommodating, non-assertive and self-sacrificing) behaviours, and an attachment orientation characterised by rejection sensitivity. This study examined the prospective longitudinal relationship between rumination, the submissive interpersonal styl...

rumination has been recognized as an important component of depression. the goal of this study was to introduce rumination within the frame of response style theory and its consequences for dysphoric mood and depression disorder. therefore, the relationship between rumination, depression and anxity in a sample of iraian students was investigated. participants (n = 119; 63% female) were randomal...