Semicontinuous data consist of a combination of a point-mass at zero and a positive skewed distribution. This type of non-negative data distribution is found in data from many fields, but presents unique challenges for analysis. Specifically, these data cannot be analyzed using positive distributions, but distributions that are unbounded are also likely a poor fit. Two-part models incorporate b...

The accuracy of the Variational Asymptotic Plate and Shell Analysis (VAPAS) is assessed against several higher order, zig zag and layerwise theories generated by using the invariant axiomatic framework denoted as Generalized Unified Formulation (GUF). These theories are also compared against the elasticity solution developed for the case of a sandwich structure with high Face to Core Stiffness ...

Urban bee ecology is an emerging field that holds promise for advancing knowledge of bee community dynamics and promoting bee conservation. Published studies of bee communities in urban and suburban habitats are fewer than those documenting bees in agricultural and wildland settings. As land lost to urbanization is predicted to increase in coming years the necessity of studying urban bee popula...

Let F be a graph. A graph G is F -free if it does not contain F as a subgraph. The Turán number of F , written ex(n, F ), is the maximum number of edges in an F -free graph with n vertices. The determination of Turán numbers of bipartite graphs is a challenging and widely investigated problem. In this paper we introduce an ordered version of the Turán problem for bipartite graphs. Let G be a gr...

For their normal living, honey bees (Apis mellifera) require proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and minerals. It is well known that Co and vitamin B12 are two nutrients that have been reported in pollen and plants that have had positive results in bees feeding. In this respect, the aim of the study is to determine the influence of feeding of the bee families with CoSO4 as a supplement on...

among the viruses infecting honey bees, chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) is known to induce significant losses in honey bee colonies. cbpv is an unclassified polymorphic single stranded rna virus. using rt-pcr, the virus infections in honey bees can be detected in a rapid and accurate manner. bee samples were collected from 23 provinces of iran, between july-september 2011 and 2012. a total o...

The polybenzene units BTX 48, X=A (armchair) and X=Z (zig-zag) dimerize forming “eclipsed” isomers, the oligomers of which form structures of five-fold symmetry, called multi-tori. Multi-tori can be designed by appropriate map operations. The genus of multi-tori was calculated from the number of tetrapodal units they consist. A description, in terms of Omega polynomial, of the two linearly peri...