Micro size craters were created by interaction of nanosecond laser beam with titanium target in liquid media. The dimension of crater i.e. depth and width is important in some applications such as micromachining. When the interaction occurs in liquid environment, the ablated materials from the target expand into the liquid. The ablated material can affect the interaction process if the ablated ...

In this research, a green, operationally simple, highly efficient and facile cascade Biginelli reaction using various aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea/thiourea has been developed. First, the ionic liquid was prepared from the reaction of 1-methyl-2-pyrolidone with methane sulfonic acid. Then, this ionic liquid was applied as an acidic catalyst in the synthesis of dihydropyrimidi...

this article describes an accurate subpico flowmeter bifurcatedin to liquid and gas flowrates less than 1mol/s for both mems/nems and cryogenic technology applications. the mems/nems are described as either two gauges (instrument), or quartz fluctuating forks, even if the liquid or gas flows through an element, as well as cryogenic technology consisting of arrays of either parallel photonic cry...

Liquid membrane processes have attracted many interests in recent years for removal of heavy metals such as cadmium from industrial wastewaters. In this study, a modified hybrid liquid membrane system is introduced. The setup is worked by applying the water-insoluble dioctyl phthalate as the organic solvent. N-octanol and tetra butyl ammonium bromide are added to the organic phase to increase t...

Gelled propellants are improved propellants that can be considered as the final extension of liquid propellants. High specific impulse, good density and safety better than that of both solid and liquid propellants are advantages of the gel propellants. They are made by addition a suitable gellant to liquid propellants. In this research, nano Al particles have been used in UDMH gel fuel. The gel...

The objective of this research is to develop an accurate numerical method to be used in showing the deformation of a liquid fuel droplet in a convective field. To simultaneously solve the internal liquid droplet flow field as well as the external gas phase flow field, a nonstaggered rectangular grid system without any coordinate transformation is used. Transition from the gas field to the liqui...

nicotine-based ionic liquid has been used as a green catalyst for pyridine-catalyzed huisgen reaction. it promoted addition of dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate to aldehydes or n-tosyl imines leading to efficient synthesis of 2-benzoylfumarates and 1-azadienes respectively under pyridine free odorless ionic liquid conditions. the improved results were obtained in terms of enhanced yields, with min...

a series of 2-amino pyridine-3-carbinitrile derivatives incorporated coumarin moiety has developed via multicomponent condensation of 3-acetyl-2h-chromen-2-one, arylaldehydes, malononitrile and ammonium acetate utilizing brønsted acidic ionic liquid, (4-sulfobutyl)tris(4-sulfophenyl)phosphonium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst under solvent-free conditions. good yields, short reaction times, straig...

1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolinium hydroxide ionic liquid (BMIm[OH]) is loaded on commercial low surface area Pd-Ag/α-Al2O3 solid ‎catalyst to enhance higher selectivity of acetylene partial hydrogenation. Different experimental techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, surface area measurement and gas chromatography have been utilized to characterize chemical, structural and catalytic pro...