We prove the existence of a limitwise monotonic function g : N→ N \ {0} such that, for any Π1 function f : N → N \ {0}, Ran f 6= Ran g. Relativising this result we deduce the existence of an η-like computable linear ordering A such that, for any Π2 function F : Q → N \ {0}, and η-like B of order type ∑ {F (q) | q ∈ Q }, B A . We prove directly that, for any computable A which is either (i) stro...

In this paper, we ask “Can proximity to towns reduces poverty in rural areas?” For this study we have mapped all the villages in Orissa. The study is based on small area poverty estimation methodology as well as the secondary data covering 47,395 villages and 109 towns. Our main findings are (i) there is a relationship between the distance to nearest town and rural poverty and (ii) poverty leve...

background : spiritual well-being is one of the fundamental concepts in chronic diseases which create meaning and purpose in life and is an important approach in promoting general health and quality of life. this study performed to determine the level of spiritual health and its dimensions in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). methods : 236 members of iranian ms society were volunteered to ...

the aim of this study was to empirically investigate the effect of death-awareness on state mindfulness and state integrative self-knowledge. for existentialists, confrontation with the fact of one’s personal death and tolerance of its inevitable anxiety is the most fundamental conflict of human beings. if such confrontation occurs, it leads to enhancement of one’s self-awareness. empirical tes...

We present a variant of the explicitly-typed secondorder polymorphic λ-calculus with primitive open existential types, i.e. a collection of more atomic constructs for introduction and elimination of existential types. We equip the language with a call-by-value small-step reduction semantics that enjoys the subject reduction property. Traditional closed existential types can be defined as syntac...

U rban poverty has long been a concern of urban and development debates, and has been an important focus in social science research. Informal settlement in Mashhad city is highlighted because of its wide spreading and severity. This study aimed to determine the causes of urban poverty in informal settlement regions. The data were collected from household level questionnaire in 2016 a...