researchers demonstrate that individuals in different levels of physical activity have different motivations for sport activity. this study was designed to examine how motivations can discriminate three physical activity levels (inactive, active, sustained maintainers) according to self-determination theory. 159 zanjan university staff (mean age: 33 years old) completed exercise motivation inve...

background: health related quality of life is an important outcome measure in studies involving patients with chronic neurological conditions. disease specific patient reported outcome measures (proms) are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials. the most widely used disease specific prom is the 39 item parkinson's disease questionnaire (pdq-39). the aim of this study was to ...

the first step in breeding programs is detecting the genetic diversity in breeding materials. molecular markers help to reduce costs and time in breeding programs. genetic variation in 49 genotypes of tobacco were studied using 12 issr markers, 3 retrotransposon markers and the combination of issr and retrotransposons. one hundred forty seven polymorphic bands were produced using 16 primers. to...

background: dizziness as a common symptom affecting many aspects of the patient’s life and it is hard to be fully evaluated. the dizziness handicap inventory (dhi) is a reliable self-perceived questionnaire in the evaluation of dizziness impacts. the purposes of this study are translation of the dhi to persian language and measuring its psychometric properties, including face, content, discrimi...

Saddle-fit is recognised as an important factor in the pathogenesis of back problems in horses and is empirically being evaluated by pressure measurements in clinical practice, although not much is known about the validity, reliability and usability of these devices in the equine field. This study was conducted to assess critically a pressure measurement system marketed for evaluating saddle fi...