introduction population growth and immigration are major causes of the most social changes in rural areas. accordingly, political change in a country is inevitable. so, this issue of iran’s rural settlements adopted and evolves. the rural habitations with population changes, the intensity of the positive effects of decentralization are receiving. your changes have been noted as being the basis ...

— This paper attempts to quantify the impact of fiscal decentralization in India on its social infrastructure and on rural development. Overall, the results in this paper indicate that Government of India within a federal framework has been fostering development equitably across its states, particularly through health and education expenditures aimed at improving human capital development. In t...

This paper uses a unique panel dataset from China's initial reform of fiscal decentralization to analyze the relationships between fiscal decentralization, local economic development, and rural-rural undocumented inter-provincial labor mobility. Using a modified gravity model with Heckman Maximum Likelihood Estimation method, this paper shows that fiscal decentralization has two contending effe...

I provide a critical overview of the literature on political decentralization. After reviewing firstand second-generation theories of federalism, I describe recent empirical studies focusing mainly on determinants of capture and local government accountability emphasized by second-generation theories. The article concludes by describing emerging new issues that deserve more attention in future ...

— In this paper we assess the institutional and environmental impacts of forest decentralization in Bolivia, Kenya, Mexico, and Uganda. We develop theories of institutional impacts based upon the specific content of decentralization reforms. We classify each country’s reforms in terms of the creation/change in local user group empowerment and accountability mechanisms. Using data from the Inter...

This paper studies the choice between centralisation and decentralisation of ...scal policy in a political economy setting. With centralisation, regional delegates vote over agendas comprising sets of region-speci...c projects. The outcome is ine¢cient because the choice of projects is insu¢ciently sensitive to within-region bene...ts. The number of projects funded may be non-monotonic in the s...