(i) Identity verification of the user, for controlling access both to resources within the local PC workstation and to remote teleprocessing services on other machines. (ii) File encryption at the PC for secure storage. (iii) Message encryption and message authentication for secure communications. (iv) Digital signatures for proof of origin of communications and for data and software certificat...

Paperless business transactions depend on digital signatures, which are based on public-key cryptography and one-way hash functions. However, one-way hash functions have properties, which can be exploited to subvert security service. The purpose of this paper is minimisation of such risks, where attention is given to proper structuring (and consequently coding) of electronic documents and the c...

A US law, the electronic signatures (E-Sign) in Global and National Commerce Act (signed by then President Clinton on 30 June 2000 with an effective date of 1 October 2000), grants electronic signatures legal validity equivalent to traditional handwritten counterparts. The intention of this law is to cut costs while providing more stringent security. In the emerging ecommerce arena, electronic ...

uture space missions are expected to increase both in their duration and crew population, therefore further advancement in the design understanding of internal and external systems of space habitats is critical. To combat the detrimental effects of long-duration space flights and habitation within enclosed, isolated and confined environments, it is vital that space accommodation is designed to...

A microcontroller based advanced technique was designed and developed to protect the house hold appliances, such as water-pump from fluctuation of line voltage. This device was tested with upper and lower cutoff voltages set at ±10% of the normal supply voltage (220V, AC) and with an over-load current up to 10A. The current sensor’s output was monitored by the PIC12F675 microcontroller and used...

In the United States, electronic signatures recently became as legally binding as printed signatures. But the legislation that made electronic signatures legal did nothing to specify how they should be implemented, or what precautions must be taken to ensure the security and validity of the signature process. This paper first reviews the status of electronic signatures in the United States, and...

The ESIGN signature scheme was provided with an inadequate proof of security. We propose two techniques to repair the scheme, which we name ESIGN-D and ESIGN-R. Another improvement of ESIGN is encouraged, where the public key is hashed together with the message. This allows to have a security proof in the multi key setting. Additionally, the lower security of ESIGN compared to RSA-PSS leads to ...

This paper presents a standalone hybrid power system using wind/PV/diesel/Battery energy system with Matlab/Simulink environment. PV & Wind are the primary power sources of the system and battery is used as a backup for long run application. Here we have also compare the performance of PV/Wind/Battery connected system with PV/Wind/Diesel connected hybrid power system. The most frequently used r...

The noise power of bandgap references is directly related to the current consumption of the bandgap reference. This paper describes the design of low-noise bandgap references. It is shown that for an idealized bandgap reference, a fundamental noise limit exists when the limited current consumption is a constraint. A design example is given of a 1 V bipolar bandgap reference with a current consu...