since the start of the last century, along with those literary men who took a literary approach to the study of literary texts, there has been another group who has taken a linguistic approach. the ancient and ever flourishing tradition of literary studies of translation can no doubt take benefit from linguistic methods and tools in the investigations of literary texts. as a result of this we c...

islamic jurisprudence is one of the most important issues in the field of islamic studies. islamic jurisprudence has been studied by numerous western scholars. some of them assumed that islamic system of law adopted jewish or roman system of law and in many cases based on them.the origin of islamic urisprudence is also one of the controversial issues in this respect. some western scholars, in a...

My official rhetorical position in this paper, that of an ordinary linguist talking to computational linguists, is rapidly becoming obsolete. In a near future, there will be no non-obsolete ordinary linguists who are not also computational linguists, and no non-obsolete computational linguists who are not also ordinary linguists. So, in anticipation of the near future, I will talk as a linguist...

The Web contains vast amounts of linguistic data. One key issue for linguists and language technologists is how to access it. Commercial search engines give highly compromised access. An alternative is to crawl the Web ourselves, which also allows us to remove duplicates and nearduplicates, navigational material, and a range of other kinds of non-linguistic matter. We can also tokenize, lemmati...

The paper introduces the new research project ‘Aṣṭādhyāyī 2.0’ that aims at developing a digital edition of the Aṣṭādhyāyī Pāṇini’s nearly 2,500 years old grammar of Sanskrit, the ancient Indian language. For modern linguists this grammar is interesting for two reasons. First, its Western (re-)discovery in the 19th century had an enormous influence on contemporary linguistics. For example, the ...

What is the relevant unit for a linguistic analysis? We have gradually extended the context seen as necessary for explicating linguistic phenomena from the syntacticians’ S, to the larger linguistic text (see [Halliday and Hasan, 1976], [Stalnaker, 1978], [Gazdar, 1979]), and even to encyclopedic, general knowledge stored in our memory ([Prince, 1981b], [Clark and Marshall, 1981]). The relevanc...

A model is presented that addresses both the distribution and comprehension of different forms of referring expressions in language. This model is expressed in a formalism (Kamp & Reyle, 1993) that uses interpretive rules to map syntactic representations onto representations of discourse. Basic interpretive rules are developed for names, pronouns, definite descriptions, and quantified descripti...

We present a new open source software tool called BEASTling, designed to simplify the preparation of Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of linguistic data using the BEAST 2 platform. BEASTling transforms comparatively short and human-readable configuration files into the XML files used by BEAST to specify analyses. By taking advantage of Creative Commons-licensed data from the Glottolog language ca...