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forage is the main product of rangelands. so, determining its economic value as one of the main important nonmonetary functions can help managers to improve planning and optimal utilization management of rangelands. the main purpose of this study is to estimate the economic valuation of the forage of summer rangelands in nour-roud watershed basin in mazandaran province. consequently, total fora...
external costs of environmental degradation are often ignored in economic analysis of projects. the mail goal of the paper is to economically analyze the current alternatives of meighan wetland utilization including extraction of sodium sulfate, aquaculture of artemia and integrative alternative considering external costs of wetland degradation. in order to detect eventual degradation of wetlan...
Background: Hospital managers need to have accurate information about actual costs to make efficient and effective decisions. In activity based costing method, first, activities are recognized and then direct and indirect costs are computed based on allocation methods. The aim of this study was to compute the cost price for cataract surgery by Activity Based Costing (ABC) method at Hazrat-e-Zah...
background and purpose :cost-benefit equations is one of the most important by of gnp and a training a sustainable development as designated by professionals of occupational health .therefore ‚ drivers as a forgotten index in sustainable development and its effect on community health. methods & material : this descriptive analytical study involved the statistical community of 55000 vehicles in ...
In this study, residents' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for preservation of Valasht lake of Chalous city is estimated by using one-and-one-half-bound dichotomous choice contingent valuation method. WTP was measured by using logit model and Maximum Likelihood (ML) parameters estimation method. The results show that 67 percent of the housholds willingness to pay for preservation of Valasht lake. The a...
Background and Aim: In recent years, the construction industry, and in particular the hospital, affected by sustainable development, created concepts such as "sustainable building" and "green hospitals". Various methods have been developed with the development and implementation of green hospitals. The point of sharing all of these three methods was the use of optimum water, energy and waste pr...
Introduction: The financial consequences of the increasing prevalence of diabetes show that diabetes is one of the main challenges of healthcare systems. This study aimed to investigate the direct costs imposed on insurance companies and patients by the delivery of first-level services to patients with type 2 diabetes, who were covered by health insurance and social security insurance plans in ...
abstract in this study, seven main field crops of the rudasht and abshar irrigation networks of esfahan (with 54,000 ha designed command area) such as wheat, barley, onion, sunflower, fodder mays and sugar beet were selected and swap model was calibrated by inverse modeling base on field experiments results in order to determine crop water salinity production functions. field experiments were c...
Background and aim: Accidents and incidents are the second factor of mortality in our country and traffic accidents are at the top. The plan for the autonomy of hospitals nationwide has been executed since the beginning of the 70s helical decade. From 2005 according to administrative regulation of article 92 of fourth development program in the country, 10 percent of the incurred costs related ...
Background & Objective: Osteoprosis is the most frequent underlying cause of femoral neck fractures in the eldery. These fractures weigh heavily on health care budgets. An accurate and exhaustive evaluation of these costs would be a major contribution to health economic studies evaluating the efficiency of screening and preventive strategies. However, in Iran, very little data on the financ...
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