Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease affecting humans of all ages in all parts of the world. The primary site of infection commonly involves lungs, although it can affect any part of the body, including oral cavity. Although oral manifestations of tuberculosis are very rare, the disease can present itself in a variety of clinical appearances which may mimic malignancy clinically. Thus t...

The hegemonic-type empires of ancient Mesoamerica are difficult to study archaeologically because they left fewer material traces than more territorially organized empires such as the Inka or Roman cases. We present a material culture model for the identification of such empires using archaeological data. The model, based upon Michael Doyle’s analytical approach to imperialism, is developed fro...

Other important developments were carried out during the Egyptian civilisation. They made a great progress on primary human infections and inflammation control in ancient times [2]. Linen based textile gauze structure was employed as the wound dressing at that time. Preliminary work on honey, gums, resins and herbal extracts in woundcare application was undertaken by the Egyptians and the linen...

In this paper, we present a hybrid approach for performing token and sentence levels Dialect Identification in Arabic. Specifically we try to identify whether each token in a given sentence belongs to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), Egyptian Dialectal Arabic (EDA) or some other class and whether the whole sentence is mostly EDA or MSA. The token level component relies on a Conditional Random Fiel...

Though evidently sharing many features of the common Third World experience, Ethiopia is distinguished from virtually all other African states (though not from a number of Asian ones) by a pattern of state formation and a consequent dynamic of potential change which are overwhelmingly indigenous rather colonial in origin. It is further distinguished from most (though again not all) Third World ...

1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON; 2Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON; 3Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University & University Hospital Blood Centre, Lund, Sweden; 4Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel; 5Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto,...

The administrative director of a Swedish symphony orchestra contacted the authors in their capacities as consultants to obtain professional help regarding various problems in the orchestra. The primary reason for this contact was that the working climate, which had been quite bad for a long time, had deteriorated even more. There were frequent conflicts between the chief conductor and members o...

A novel method of library construction that takes advantage of a single-stranded DNA ligase has been recently described and used to generate high-resolution genomes from ancient DNA samples. While this method is effective and appears to recover a greater fraction of endogenous ancient material, there has been no direct comparison of results from different library construction methods on a diver...

Deep-sea subsurface sediments are the most important archives of marine biodiversity. Until now, these archives were studied mainly using the microfossil record, disregarding large amounts of DNA accumulated on the deep-sea floor. Accessing ancient DNA (aDNA) molecules preserved down-core would offer unique insights into the history of marine biodiversity, including both fossilized and non-foss...

Current evidence suggests that pigs were first domesticated in Eastern Anatolia during the ninth millennium cal BC before dispersing into Europe with Early Neolithic farmers from the beginning of the seventh millennium. Recent ancient DNA (aDNA) research also indicates the incorporation of European wild boar into domestic stock during the Neolithization process. In order to establish the timing...