Introduction The bony insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is comprised of four distinct zones: ligamentous tissue, noncalcified fibrocartilage, calcified fibrocartilage, and bone. This “enthesis” is responsible for effectively transmitting the forces from the elastic ligament to the stiff bone. Despite its well organized structure, the enthesis has limited vascularity and thereby ...

We introduced several variables in an animal model of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to determine the best parameters for surgery in humans. We divided 130 LYD pigs into two groups depending on whether the femoral tunnel goes through the medial tibial tunnel or through the medial fossa of the knee joint. Each subgroup was further divided. Four weeks after surgery the knee speci...

REFERENCE/CITATION Frobell RB, Roos HP, Roos EM, Roemer FW, Ranstam J, Lohmander LS. Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: five year outcome of randomised trial. BMJ. 2013;346:F232. CLINICAL QUESTION Does early anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with rehabilitation lead to better patient-reported outcomes and a lower incidence of osteoarthritis at 5 years postinjur...

The outcome of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery is dependent on several factors including the type and source of graft, pretension levels, tunnel position and orientation, knee flexion angle at the time of graft fixation, and the method of fixation. Unfortunately, few previously reported finite element (FE) based simulations of the ACL reconstruction procedure incorpor...

BACKGROUND The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of four major ligaments in the knee that provide stability during physical activity. A tear in the ACL is characterized by joint instability that leads to decreased activity, knee dysfunction, reduced quality of life and a loss of muscle mass and strength. While rehabilitation is the standard-of-care for return to daily function, additional...

Although the importance of the anterolateral stabilizing structures of the knee in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries has been recognized since many years, most of orthopedic surgeons do not take into consideration the anterolateral structures when performing an ACL reconstruction. Anatomic single or double bundle ACL reconstruction will improve knee stability, but a small...

OBJECTIVE To review surgical and animal experimental studies performed with open growth plates in relation with pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. BACKROUND When it comes to the treatment of ACL injured children, there is a lack of current international guidelines, leaving the treating physicians with a therapeutic dilemma. A variety of surgical and animal experimental...

BACKGROUND It is known that small alterations in tunnel positioning during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction significantly affect ACL length and tensioning patterns as well as alter force vectors and joint kinematics. PURPOSE To compare the amount of inadvertent posteriorization of the ACL tibial tunnel anatomy during transtibial ACL femoral reaming in the "over-the-top" positio...

An increasing concern has been given to the rotation stability of the knee in the setting of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. This growing interest stems from a better understanding of the rotational stability of the knee afforded by the identification of the anterolateral ligament. Previously, a residual abnormal pivot-shift test had been found after an anatomic single-band ...

The present report describes the first known, case of a pseudoaneurysm of the perforating branch of the deep femoral artery following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. A 19-year-old man underwent ACL reconstruction using the outside-in femoral tunnel-creation method. Seven days after the surgery, he complained of abnormal thigh pain and had swelling with local heat on the distal ...