Abstract Background Encephaloceles refer to the herniation of intracranial contents through defect in dura and calvarium. This article aims equip radiologists with all necessary information approach a case encephalocele systematic manner report an organized format. Thus reduce reporting time without overlooking any detail. Main text An extensive literature review was performed searching standar...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with regional abnormalities in tissue microstructure, as demonstrated by DTI. However, the full extent of these abnormalities has not yet been defined because DTI conveys only a fraction of the information potentially accessible with diffusion MR imaging. In this study, we assessed the added value of diffusional kurtosis imaging, an ex...

Ultrasonography is the ideal noninvasive imaging modality for evaluation of scrotal abnormalities. It is capable of differentiating the most important etiologies of acute scrotal pain and swelling, including epididymitis and testicular torsion, and is the imaging modality of choice in acute scrotal trauma. In patients presenting with palpable abnormality or scrotal swelling, ultrasonography can...

Structural neuroimaging studies have provided some of the most consistent evidence for brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Since the initial computed tomography study by Johnstone and co-workers, which reported lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia, advances in brain imaging technology have enabled further and more refined characterization of abnormal brain structure in schizophren...

High-field MR imaging was used to study structural and physiologic alterations involving the muscles of mastication in 46 patients. Muscular abnormalities were often detected incidentally in conjunction with lesions of the CNS, cranial nerves, facial bones, and/or temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Specific pathologic alterations observed included anomalies of musculoskeletal development, muscle hy...

Anatomic studies have shown that the left bundle branch divides into three fascicles in most humans. Changes in the 12 lead ECG (electrocardiogram) due to conduction abnormalities of the left anterior fascicle and left posterior fascicle are now part of the standard repertoire of electrocardiographic interpretation. There are no standard criteria for detecting conduction defects involving the t...

Cardiac angiography was introduced initially to provide qualitative information regarding anatomic abnormalities of the cardiovascular system. Subsequently, it became apparent that quantitative information derived from cineangiography could provide insight into abnormalities of the heart as well. Direct measurements of ventricular dimension, area, and wall thickness allow calculation of volume,...

This paper describes the recent advances in technical and analytical methods in pulmonary ventilation SPECT studies, including a respiratory-gated image acquisition of Technetium-99m (99mTc)-labeled Technegas SPECT, a fusion image between Technegas SPECT and chest CT images created by a fully automatic image registration algorithm, and a three-dimensional (3D). display of xenon-133 (133Xe) gas ...

The bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly in developed nations. The abnormal bicuspid morphology of the aortic valve results in valvular dysfunction and subsequent hemodynamic derangements. However, the clinical presentation of bicuspid aortic valve disease remains quite heterogeneous with patients presenting from infancy to late adulthood with variable degrees of ...

The cardiovascular abnormalities were investigated in two unrelated hemizygous males with Fabry disease who had clinical mitral insufficiency. Postmortem examination of their hearts revelaed anatomic, ultrastructural and biochemical abnormalities resulting from defective activity of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A. The ultrastructural and biochemical studies demonstrated the marked ...