BACKGROUND Pay for performance (P4P) schemes have become increasingly popular innovations in primary care and have generated questions about their effect on improving quality of care. AIMS To provide a brief outline of the international evidence on the relationship between P4P schemes and quality improvement. METHOD We conducted a literature search using relevant databases and reference lis...

This paper introduces a simple notion of layering as a tool for analyzing well-behaved runs of a given model of distributed computation. Using layering, a model-independent analysis of the consensus problem is performed and then applied to proving lower bounds and impossibility results for consensus in a number of familiar and less familiar models. The proofs are simpler and more direct than ex...

In [13] a homology theory –Morse-Conley-Floer homology– for isolated invariant sets of arbitrary flows on finite dimensional manifolds is developed. In this paper we investigate functoriality and duality of this homology theory. As a preliminary we investigate functoriality in Morse homology. Functoriality for Morse homology of closed manifolds is known [1, 2, 3, 8, 14], but the proofs use isom...