Oaksford, Chater, and Larkin (2000) have suggested that people actually use everyday probabilistic reasoning when making deductive inferences. In two studies, we explicitly compared probabilistic and deductive reasoning with identical if-then conditional premises with concrete content. In the first, adults were given causal premises with one strongly associated antecedent and were asked to make...

What is the role of language in human cognition? Within the domain of deductive reasoning, the issue has been the focus of numerous investigations without the emergence of a consensus view. Here we consider some of the reasons why neuroimaging studies of deductive reasoning have generated mixed results. We then review recent evidence suggesting that the role of language in deductive reasoning i...

In the automated analysis feature models (AAFM), many operations have been defined to extract relevant information to be used on decision making. Most of the proposals rely on logics to give solution to different operations. This extraction of knowledge using logics is known as deductive reasoning. One of the most useful operations are explanations that provide the reasons why some other operat...

% correct per task (conclusion: If A, then B) P60 P70 P90 Pvl Pac MP90 MP70 MP80 MPvl MPac Paradox 1 62.50 81.25 68.75 68.75 68.75 62.50 87.50 81.25 75.00 93.75 Paradox 2 73.33 73.33 73.33 80.00 66.67 73.33 73.33 86.67 80.00 93.33 % correct per task (conclusion: If A, then not B) Paradox 1 75.00 68.75 62.50 75.00 43.75 81.25 87.50 87.50 68.75 87.50 Paradox 2 86.67 86.67 86.67 66.67 66.67 80.00 ...

Disjunctive Deductive Databases (DDDBs) | function-free disjunctive logic programs with negation in rule bodies allowed | have been recently recognized as a powerful tool for knowledge representation and commonsense reasoning. Much research has been spent on issues like semantics and complexity of DDDBs, but the important area of implementing DDDBs has been less addressed so far. However, a tho...

Recently several authors have stressed and illustrated the importance of including a second kind of negation (explicit negation) in logic programs besides \negation as failure", and its use in deductive databases, knowledge representation, and nonmonotonic reasoning. By introducing explicit negation into logic programs contradiction may appear. In this work we present two approaches for dealing...

K–axiom–based epistemic closure for explicit knowledge is rejected for even the most trivial cases of deductive inferential reasoning on account of the fact that the closure axiom does not extend beyond a raw consequence relation. The recognition that deductive inference concerns interaction as much as it concerns consequence allows for perspectives from logics of multi–agent information flow t...

Introduction: Diagnosis lies at the heart of general practice.Every day general practitioners (GPs) visit patients with awide variety of complaints and concerns, with often minor butsometimes serious symptoms. General practice has many featureswhich differentiate it from specialty care setting, but during thelast four decades little attention was paid to clinical reasoningin general practice. T...

The paper proposes a way to analyze logical reasoning in a deductive version of the Mastermind game implemented within the Math Garden educational system. Our main goal is to derive predictions about the cognitive difficulty of game-plays, e.g., the number of steps needed for solving the logical tasks or the working memory load. Our model is based on the analytic tableaux method, known from pro...