Characterized by low serum testosterone levels and diverse symptoms, male hypogonadism is a common condition. Current medical treatment focuses on testosterone supplementation using multiple modalities such as injections, gels and pellets. Interestingly, while testosterone is considered an anabolic androgenic steroid, it has not been saddled with the social stigma that other, similar medication...

Misuse of supraphysiological doses of anabolic steroids is claimed to have serious side effects. The aim of the study was to determine the mortality, and the cause of premature deaths among a group of subjects who are strongly suspected to have used anabolic steroids for a non-medical purpose over several years. The mortality of 62 male powerlifters placed 1st-5th in weight series 82.5-125 kg i...

Background Abuse of anabolic steroids to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy is widespread amongst recreational bodybuilders, however, the cardiac effects of such drugs have not been systematically documented. The ability of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to image the myocardium in any plane and achieve full myocardial coverage renders it the gold standard for assessing LV volumes and m...

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are often used by athletes as doping agents. It is estimated that up to 25% of sportsmen using anabolic-androgenic steroids also take GH. Available data do not confirm the influence of GH or IGF-1 preparations on physical performance improvement. However, there is some evidences for many adverse effects in athletes using this form of ...

oxymetholone is an orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid. oxymetholone was synthesized in 1959.it is a 17α-methylated, 5 α-saturated compound. this drug is used for the treatment of a variety diseases including anemia, growth delay in kids, myocardial damage in heart failiure and treatment of hiv associated wasting. unfortunately, some of athletics use this drug because of its anabolic effe...

OBJECTIVE To determine the substance-use patterns of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes for alcohol, amphetamines, anabolic steroids, cocaine/crack, ephedrine, marijuana/hashish, psychedelics/hallucinogens, and smokeless tobacco. DESIGN Self-reported, anonymous, retrospective survey. PARTICIPANTS Male and female student-athletes from 30 sports competing at 991 ...

As the effects of anabolic steroids on left ventricular structure and function are unknown, we carried out clinical examination, 12 lead electrocardiography and echocardiography on a 23 year old male bodybuilder using these drugs. In this subject we found values of ECG voltage criteria, left ventricular-mass, posterior wall and interventricular septal thickness which exceeded those found in nor...