The purpose of this study was to observe the differences in object investigation between two groups of aged Sprague Dawley rats reared in an enriched and a typical laboratory environment. Research has shown that enrichment has a positive effect on behavior of young and mature rats. Our research question was: Will this positive effect on behavior be retained into old age? Object investigation wa...

Traumatic brain injury is common in North America and has dramatic and wide-ranging effects on survivors’ quality of life. Those who survive traumatic brain injury may experience anxiety, agitation, memory impairments, and behavioral changes. When managing the immediate and long-term consequences of such injuries, clinicians have many pharmacological options, including psychostimulants, antidep...

Evidence from hemodynamic and electrophysiological measures suggests that the processing of emotionally relevant information occurs in a spatially and temporally distributed affective network. Event-related potential (ERP) studies of emotional stimulus processing frequently report differential responses to emotional stimuli starting around 120 ms. However, the involvement of structures that see...

Psychiatry lags behind other medical fields in the diagnosis and classification of disorders. While other medical specialties came up with reasonably cohesive nomenclature and organization, mental disorders remain in apparent disarray. The proposed classification model approaches psychiatric disorders using the logic that guided the classification of medical diseases. Brain is not one organ and...