Abstract In this paper I present two ways in which climate modelers use general circulation models for exploratory purposes. The complexity of Earth’s system makes it difficult to predict precisely how lower-order dynamics will interact over time drive higher-order dynamics. same issues arise complex built simulate behavior like the Community Earth Systems Model (CESM). argue that as a result c...

High-resolution global ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) play a key role in accurate forecasting. However, the of operational forecasting systems are still not high resolution due to subsequent demand for large computation, as well low parallel efficiency barrier. Good scalability is an important index and challenge OGCMs. We found that communication cost barotropic solver, namely, preco...

in spite of considerable increase in the resolution of general circulation and regional models, none of these models are capable to predict and downscale the meteorological outputs in the scale of meteorological station.in this regard, different dynamical and statistical models have been developed for downscaling outputs of gcms. in this paper, grided meteorological outputs of general circulati...