This study examines healthcare security measures during the Umayyad era, including therapeutic and preventive for individuals, communities, environment. The era saw a focus on medicine doctors, establishment of hospitals, allocation departments elderly infectious diseases. emphasizes importance personal hygiene, cleanliness, avoiding harmful foods. caliphs prioritized health their subjects, peo...

Abstract Khālid al-Kātib is the author of more than 500 love poems and was associated with several notables Abbasid court, including Ibrāhīm b. al-Mahdī. Male-male a major theme in Khālid’s poetry akhbār. Abū Tammām figures prominently biographical anecdotes about Khālid, both as an admirer adversary. akhbār Kitāb al-Aghānī, Taʾrīkh Baghdād , other sources provide insights into his relationship...

What events do employees recall or anticipate when they think of past or future unfair treatment at work? We propose that an employee’s temporal perspective can change the salience of different types of injustice through its effect on cognitions about employment. Study 1 used a survey in which employee temporal focus was measured as an individual difference. Whereas greater levels of future foc...

—The Vegetarian Finch, Platyspiza crassirostris ! is a relatively unstudied Darwin’s finch that appears to be in decline in the Galápagos Islands. We monitored 11 nests of Vegetarian Finches during 2013 and 2014 on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, and found that 10 of these were infested with an invasive parasitic fly, Philornis downsi. This is the first report of P. downsi attacking this bird spe...

Yaklaşık beş asır süren Abbâsîler Devleti’nin Arap şiiri açısından oldukça verimli kabul edilen ilk asırlarında büyük şairler yetişmiştir. Bunlardan biri olan İbnü’r-Rûmî (öl. 283/896), şiirinin en hacimli divanına sahip bir şairdir. Hemen her temada şiir kaleme almış şairin temayüz eden tarafı tartışmasız onun kural tanımaz hicivleridir. Öyle ki Abbâsî dönemi şiirinde hiciv denildiğinde akla g...

In November 2014, OPEC announced a new strategy geared towards improving its market share. Oil-market analysts interpreted this as an attempt to squeeze higher-cost producers, notably US shale oil, out of the market. Over the next year, crude oil prices crashed, with large repercussions for the global economy. We present a simple equilibrium model that explains the fundamental market factors th...

Getting Started with Ecclesiastes: Coming to Grips with Mortality Dr. Elaine Phillips, © 2013 Introduction Ecclesiastes presents the reader with alternately disturbing and oddly reassuring realities. While scholars differ as to whether these views are a comfortable fit with “orthodoxy” and debate how to label and understand the various attitudes expressed, Ecclesiastes unquestionably speaks to ...